Predicting Party SizesThe 2007 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture

The Skytte Foundation states that I was awarded the Skytte Prize 2008 for ‘profound analysis of the function of electoral systems in representative democracy’. What does this mean? As examples, I would highlight three relationships that qualify as laws in the strongest scientific sense. They do so because they offer a logically supported model as well as agreement with data, which gives them broad predictive ability.     

德国在扩大中的欧盟--在中国德国研究会第11届年会上的讲话

本文简略回顾欧洲一体化进程的历史经历,认为欧洲联盟的建立与不断扩大,使德国和其在欧盟中的伙伴一起找到了合作发展、共同获益的道路,并使本地区的和平成为了可能.     

Tooth eruption times of permanent teeth in male and female adolescents in Niedersachsen

The aim of this study was to determine the eruption times of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, in a defined area population of a country district in Lower Saxony. The authors investigated 2495 oral findings of 664 patients (male 315, female 349) in a longitudinal study. The minimum age was 3.00 years and the maximum age 24.00 years. The dental findings were collected over a period of about 20 years (1980-2002). The oral findings per child/adolescent were assessed between one and 16 times. The eruption times of teeth in females are earlier than those for the same teeth in males. Further, the permanent dentition in females is completed earlier than in males. The tooth eruption occurs symmetrically in both jaws. The comparison of both jaws revealed a slightly advanced eruption of the lower jaw teeth for both sexes. There is a noteworthy change in the eruption sequence of the teeth. In contrast to other reports we determined that the eruption of the canine proceeds the eruption of the second premolar. We found no acceleration of the dentition when compared to other reports and confirmed the rules of tooth eruption in man. Oral examination of teeth is a simple tool to calculate tooth eruption intervals. This first investigation on a population of Lower Saxony revealed a change in the eruption sequence of permanent teeth. The findings are relevant for dental treatment planning and should be reconfirmed at certain intervals.