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91.
In Opinion 1/2010, the Article 29 Data Protection Working Party has provided additional guidance concerning the concepts of ‘controller’ and ‘processor’ contained in Directive 95/46/EC. This guidance aims to assist practitioners in their determination of whether an entity is acting as a controller or as a processor towards a particular data processing operation. Despite the fact that this opinion is informative, the existing framework still appears to leave room for a considerable amount of legal uncertainty. This uncertainty is attributable in part to the nature of the existing concepts, but also (and perhaps to a larger extent) to their apparent misalignment with current processing realities. In this paper, the author seeks to articulate why the existing concepts often remain difficult to apply in practice, in order to enable a constructive reflection on how these issues might be addressed in the future. 相似文献
92.
在期刊编辑工作中,往往涉及到作者权益的保护问题。我国《著作权法》对作者的署名权、修改权等都有明确的规定。编辑是出版活动的主体,在编辑活动中处于主导地位,在依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的今天,期刊编辑工作人员必须增强著作权意识,在编辑工作中切实维护作者的合法权益。 相似文献
93.
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95.
Brian Van Ness 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2008,36(2):292-7, 212
The Human Genome Project showed that there is significant genetic variation within the population. Current research is accumulating large databases that may reveal genetic variations associated with disease or health risks, even if not intended as part of the study design. These incidental findings create legal, ethical, and financial challenges for researchers. Current federal and international guidelines are not adequate. Plans for dealing with incidental findings need to be established in the study design and reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board. 相似文献
96.
R D Miller M R Bernstein G J Van Rybroek G J Maier 《The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law》1989,17(2):107-119
In December of 1987, the Wisconsin supreme court held that all involuntarily committed mental patients in the state had the right to refuse psychotropic medication unless a court held that they were incompetent to make treatment decisions. The authors studied the effects of this decision in a 165-bed forensic hospital over the first six months after implementation of the decision. They found that 29 percent of patients already on psychotropic medication initially refused further treatment as opposed to 75 percent of newly admitted patients. Of refusers, 32 percent eventually resumed taking medication voluntarily; courts overturned the refusals of all the 51 percent who maintained their refusals, after an average delay of over a month. The length of procedural delays actually increased over the six months of the study as the courts learned of the decision. The authors compare their findings with other reported studies of implementation of right to refuse treatment decisions and discuss differences between the right to refuse treatment for civilly and criminally committed patients. 相似文献
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98.
This paper studies aspects of sequential choice (and elimination) through the ‘routewise’ application of choice. (A choice is a mapping of the subsets of a set X into their respective subsets.) This approach sheds some further light on the ‘path-independence’ of choice, as well as on the logical structure of several rationality criteria for choice, as expressed through the properties of the comparison (or preference relation) revealed by a choice. The results bear particular relevance to the theory of collective choice. 相似文献
99.
Leo Van Rossum 《欧亚研究》1984,36(3):445-447
100.
Microbiologic analysis of different soil samples was undertaken to assess the value of this method for forensic purposes. Three groups of micro-organisms were isolated on selective media: bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Comparison of the morphology of the colonies led to the conclusion of non identity of the soil samples under examination. The method was applied to soil traces on articles of clothing, trousers, shoes, and stockings. It was found that the soil did not originate from the suspected scene of a crime. Examination of the microbiologic soil composition does not provide an absolute certainty of identity, but it is highly reliable. 相似文献