Use of drugs among Senegalese school going adolescents

Though it may appear more severe and dramatic in most industrialized nations, drug addiction has also become a matter for concern in some developing nations. The problem is even more complex when, prior to the advent of colonialism and the adoption of Western values by those countries, there already existed traditional forms of drug addiction. This paper examines the attitudes of Senegalese school-going adolescents to the problem of drug addiction. It describes the nature, development, and perception of drug addiction in the country from an historical and sociological point of view. It shows the tolerance of Senegalese society toward drugs — some were used in traditional medicine — and its rejection of hard and intermediate drugs, as they are viewed negatively by the society. The authors finally analyze the motivations of the drug addicts which also indicate, in Africa as in the West, a crisis of identity reflecting a global crisis of civilization.We are profoundly grateful to the Belgian Cooperation Service for the material assistance they kindly provided us.Master's degree in Psychopedagogy and a postgraduate in Psychosociology. Research interest is cross-cultural adolescent psychology.Doctor of mathematics and post-graduate in psychopedagogical science. Research interest is cross-cultural adolescent psychology.     

Toward a Gendered Social Bond/Male Peer Support Theory of University Woman Abuse

Despite many calls for integratedwoman abuse theories, few have made any suchattempts. Taking as a starting point thatgender blind and conservative theories maystill have some value, Hirschi's social bondtheory is examined with insights from feministmale peer support theory and other criticalperspectives. The goal is not a formal newtheory but rather a heuristic designed to showthe value of adding feminist insight to genderblind theory. Hirschi is turned upside downhere with an argument that attachment andinvolvement with conventional peers may in factpromulgate violence against women thecollege campuses when it is noted thatconventional institutions are patriarchal andpart of a rape culture. University groups(social fraternities, sports teams, etc.) mayenforce adherence through homophobia and grouppressure, while promoting a hypermasculineculture that encourages men to use coercion andforce to increase their count of sexualencounters.     

Transparenz und Kontrolle bei related party transactions: Verträge der Gesellschaft mit ihrem Aufsichtsratsmitglied

Gesch?fte der Gesellschaft mit einem Aufsichtsratsmitglied müssen dem Aufsichtsrat vorgelegt werden und bedürfen seiner Zustimmung. Damit sollen Interessenkonflikte vermieden und Transparenz hergestellt werden. Der Beitrag geht folgenden Fragen nach: Wen trifft die Pflicht zur Information? Wie genau ist der Aufsichtsrat über diese Gesch?fte zu informieren? Welche Stimmverbote bestehen? Welche Konsequenzen k?nnen sich daraus für die Beschlussf?higkeit ergeben? Welche Rechtsfolgen l?st die Nichtbeachtung der gesetzlichen Anforderungen aus? Schlie?lich wird die nicht ausreichend geregelte Situation der Arbeitnehmervertreter untersucht.