产业集群与中小企业融资优势分析

产业集群对于中小企业的发展起着至关重要的作用,能够为中小企业营造一种融资优势环境,增强中小企业的信用能力,提高其技术创新能力.这种优势来源于集群所产生的外部经济,在产业集群所形成的网络系统中,中小企业的融资环境不断得以优化.     

云南就业问题探索

随着我国经济体制改革力度的加强 ,分流下岗的人数将会扩大 ,就业形势日趋严峻。云南与全国一样 ,面临着人口与资源、人口与发展的矛盾与挑战 ,不仅要对城镇劳动适龄人口的逐步增加及早作出安排 ,对失业下岗人员的就业和再就业妥善安置 ,还要创造广阔的空间 ,容纳农业劳动力向非农产业转移、农村人口向城镇的迁移。因此 ,我们应寻求以降低高失业率为特征的第二次“软着陆” ,尽快实现产业结构调整 ,发展中小城镇 ,实行有控制的劳动用工管理 ,建立和完善社会保障体系     

政治道德有效性评估标准与方法

要正确评估政治道德的有效性,科学合理的评估标准和方法是必要的。政治道德有效性的评估标准包括价值标准和指标体系两个方面,其中指标体系主要有:公众的满意度、良好的政治秩序和政治道德主体标准。政治道德有效性的评估可以进行量化分析,但是量化分析的使用有一定的限度。     

试论离婚损害赔偿制度

《婚姻法》修正案确定的离婚损害赔偿制度,赋予了离婚案件无过错当事人寻求司法救助的权利。这是我国立法史上的一大进步。离婚损害赔偿制度的法理依据是公平、正义;离婚损害赔偿需具备法定构成要件;离婚损害赔偿的责任主体为有过错的配偶,请求权主体为无过错方。我国离婚损害赔偿制度仍有缺陷,应从立法上加以完善。     

苏格兰警务工作改革的八个热点问题

警务工作必须随着社会的发展变化而不断进行调整和改良。进入21世纪后,苏格兰社会发生了许多深刻的变化,与之相适应,苏格兰警察正面临着一系列挑战和问题。未来苏格兰警务工作改革包括八个热点问题,即社区警务、警察的领导与管理、打击犯罪工作、毒品问题、青少年问题、警察在整个刑事司法体系中的角色转变、警察责任与警察投诉以及中央警务与地方警务两种模式之间的选择。     

英国现代警察制度的产生、发展及其现行体制

现代警察制度起源于英国,它是长期社会政治斗争与工业革命的产物,是社会法治与理性的进步。英国现代警察制度的特点主要体现在:以地方自治为基础;中央通过财政支持和制定法律规范进行宏观控制;警察独立于其他行政权力,在工作中必须忠实于法律,只对法律负责。     

流动人口犯罪主体预防对策

搞好流动人口犯罪的主体预防工作 ,减少流动人口犯罪的危害性 ,对于促进社会“两个文明”的协调发展 ,具有十分重要的意义。流动人口犯罪的主体因素具体表现为 :(一 )流动人口中许多人法制观念淡薄是造成违法犯罪的根本原因 ;(二 )不健康心理是导致流动人口犯罪的重要原因 ;(三 )文化素质低是流动人口犯罪的主要原因等五个方面。要从根本上解决流动人口违法犯罪问题 ,应从加强文明教育 ,树立正确的世界观 ,加强文化控制 ,弘扬主体文化等三方面入手     

Sexual variation in bucco-lingual dimensions in Turkish dentition

Sexual differences in the human skeleton have been well studied in many populations. Odontometric analysis of the human sexual variation has been less investigated and mostly derived from the dentition of extinct populations. Turkey is situated in a unique location where populations from different regions mixed with each other and created a rich gene pool. One might anticipate that modern Turkish population is composed of genes from the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East, Iran and further as well as from ancient Romans, Byzantines, Arabs and Asiatic Turks. It is clear that contemporary Turks are a mixture of these extant and extinct people and ideal to consider it a representative study population. The purpose of this study is to analyze dental dimensions and sexual variation in living Turks and develop forensic techniques to identify human remains from the teeth when any other technique is not available or not reliable. The study is composed of Ankara University dental students (50 male and 50 female casts, average age of 21 years). Bucco-lingual breadths from 14 teeth (I1 through M2 of the maxilla and mandible) are taken from the left side and analyzed using the discriminant function statistics. An intraobserver error test did not indicate any statistically significant difference between any two measurements. Results of the study revealed that males exceeded females significantly (P<0.001) in dimensions. Coefficient of variation was most obvious in I1s and I2s of both jaws in both sexes. Stepwise discriminant function statistics suggested that upper C, and lower C and M2 are the most contributory teeth to the function. Additional formulae were calculated for situation in which only one or a fragmented jaw is available for identification. Overall accuracy of sex diagnosis ranged from 73 to 77%. In conclusion this research supports earlier studies that sexual dimorphism is population specific. While dental difference between the sexes in several human populations has been found highly dimorphic, it was not found so in Turks and accuracy of classification remained low at about 77%. The difficulty or the lack of dimorphism comes from male subjects.     

The identification of a dismembered human body: a multidisciplinary approach

A criminal case was directed to a multidisciplinary forensic team for identification, concerning a victim whose head, having two gunshot wounds, had been separated by a sharp instrument and was recovered 6 months later. The purpose of this research was to determine the sex and age of the victim for human identification. Primarily, macroscopic examination of the skull, tooth, and DNA analysis was conducted for sex determination. A rough assessment of age was made from the skull based on anthropological findings, however a more definitive result of age estimation was determined utilizing dental morphology. The dental data showed an age range of 32-37 from the mineral examination and the formulation of microscopic measurements. The results obtained from the skull and dental analysis matched with the physical characteristics of the victim's body, the known personal data of this person, and with the superposition of the photos gathered by a formal request. Besides, the result of DNA profiling of the victim showed male gender and direct relationship with the victim's presumed wife and daughter. Generally, research on human identification consists of sex and age determination. The sex characteristics can be precisely proved from DNA tests. However, age can be estimated by skeletal, and dental analysis. In this case the performed sex and age analysis lead the research to the selective matching of the missing person's identity.     

Fingerprint pattern restoration by digital image processing techniques

Fingerprint evidence plays an important role in solving criminal problems. However, defective (lacking information needed for completeness) or contaminated (undesirable information included) fingerprint patterns make identifying and recognizing processes difficult. Unfortunately. this is the usual case. In the recognizing process (enhancement of patterns, or elimination of "false alarms" so that a fingerprint pattern can be searched in the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)), chemical and physical techniques have been proposed to improve pattern legibility. In the identifying process, a fingerprint examiner can enhance contaminated (but not defective) fingerprint patterns under guidelines provided by the Scientific Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology (SWGFAST), the Scientific Working Group on Imaging Technology (SWGIT), and an AFIS working group within the National Institute of Justice. Recently, the image processing techniques have been successfully applied in forensic science. For example, we have applied image enhancement methods to improve the legibility of digital images such as fingerprints and vehicle plate numbers. In this paper, we propose a novel digital image restoration technique based on the AM (amplitude modulation)-FM (frequency modulation) reaction-diffusion method to restore defective or contaminated fingerprint patterns. This method shows its potential application to fingerprint pattern enhancement in the recognizing process (but not for the identifying process). Synthetic and real images are used to show the capability of the proposed method. The results of enhancing fingerprint patterns by the manual process and our method are evaluated and compared.