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91.
David J. Giacopassi B. Grant Stitt Mark Nichols 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2000,24(2):203-215
One way to analyze the effect of tourism on crime is to include the average number of visitors in the denominator used to
calculate community crime rates. Modified crime rates were computed for 7 new casino jurisdictions and compared with traditional
crime rates based on the resident population. A preand postcasino comparison indicates a minority of Part I crimes increased
significantly regardless of which crime rate was used. While a majority of Part II crimes rose significantly when using the
traditional crime rate, fewer than half the modified crime rates displayed any gains. It appears that a large concentration
of casinos with a concomitant increase in tourism leads to an increase in Part II crimes.
This project was supported by Grant No. 98-IJ-CX-0037 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs,
U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. 相似文献
92.
Wyn Reilly 《公共行政管理与发展》1987,7(1):25-42
A fundamental reason why public service management in many Third World countries has improved so little, despite significant training inputs, is that the political and bureaucratic elite do not want it to. The ‘Hombe thesis’ is that the elite consists of executives skilled in managing the system to meet their own interests and to preserve the status quo. Further, aid organizations and third parties engaged in management development tend to collude with the elite. Three additional basic problems are explored. First, that of developing a style of management appropriate to the local political and social environment. Second, identifying the actual functions of chief executives in the public service and helping managers to develop expertise in their roles. Third, the difficulties of assessing real managerial training needs rather than expressing desires. The paper concludes with a plea to face the fundamental constraints to effective management and training instead of playing around with subordinate issues. 相似文献
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Inequality remains one of the most challenging issues on theglobal human rights agenda. It is widely recognised that a formalapproach to the assessment of inequality has failed to eliminateentrenched structural social and economic inequality and thata different approach is required in order to tackle the rootsof inequality and achieve substantive equality. In seeking toimplement an approach to equality that addresses the historyof apartheid and the social and economic inequality endemicin South African society, the South African Constitutional Courthas rejected formal equality, and is in the process of developinga substantive interpretation of equality based on the protectionof human dignity. Critics of this approach have argued thatthe concept of human dignity is too indeterminate to providea stable foundation for equality law and that it promotes anexcessively individualistic conception of equality. Focussingon key developments in defining human dignity in German andSouth African constitutional law, this article argues that theconcept of dignity is rooted in a rich tradition which is capableof underpinning an approach to equality which avoids excessiveindividualism and fully recognises the interplay between individualand community needs. A detailed exploration of the equalityjurisprudence of the South African Constitutional Court revealshow the dignity-based approach has been developed in order toprovide a framework within which the actual experience of victimsof discrimination can be explored. It is concluded that thisapproach has the potential to engage with the realities of thewide range of divisions within South African society and theireffects in order to address not only the legacy of apartheidbut also to contribute to the creation of a society in whichevery person is valued equally. 相似文献
97.
The introduction of legalized gambling into a community has generated a great deal of hubris regarding concomitant criminality.
While Las Vegas has long been synonymous with organized crime, the recent focus has been on the connection between traditional
crime and legalized gambling. The conventional wisdom among opponents of this new source of revenue is that casinos attract
many undesirables to the community, thereby increasing crime and social disorganization. Routine activities theory would suggest
that with increased numbers of tourists, more opportunities for crime will exist. To test this proposition, the frequency
of crime before and after the introduction of legalized gambling in Biloxi, Mississippi was examined. Larcey-theft and motor
vehicle theft were the only categories of crime to show statistically significant change. Robbery and aggravated assault increased,
while murder and rape declined, although the change was not statistically significant for any category of violent crime. 相似文献
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We consider the hypothesis that abused women who kill their abusers are not socially different from other abused women. Comparing
two groups of women from a Deep South state, one group incarcerated for killing their partners (n=21) and the other served
by a shelter for battered women (n=273), we find mixed support for the conclusion that the two groups represent a homogeneous
general population of abused women. The women incarcerated for killing their male partners appear to be more isolated from
the social mainstream and in greater perceived danger than the women who used the shelter.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1990 Southern Sociological Society Annual Meetings. Invaluable comments
on earlier versions of the paper were received from Judith Stitzel, Shirley Dowdy, Ann Paterson, Sally Maggard, Janet Curry,
Jon Conte, Mary Jo Ullom, and Lorrie Hardy. 相似文献
100.
Wyn Rees 《Cambridge Review of International Affairs》2007,20(2):215-231
This article seeks to establish a context for the other contributions to this special issue. Using the lens of strategic culture, the article tries to explore how states from Europe and Asia have responded to the US-led ‘war on terror’. It argues that the nature of the threat from international terrorism requires states in Europe and Asia to develop a range of external and internal policy responses. Europe has been able to react to this changing strategic environment more successfully because of the pre-existing pattern of interstate cooperation as well as the organizational framework of the European Union. The United States has been more successful in imposing its counterterrorism priorities upon particular Asian states due to the absence of mature frameworks for international cooperation within the region. 相似文献