Medios electrónicos de comunicación,poderes fácticos y su impacto en la democracia en México

The concept of factual powers has been increasingly incorporated into the sphere of Latin American politics to refer to actors that exert large influence in diverse sectors of social life. In Mexico, this term is used to refer to Televisa and its allies as part of the debate regarding the so-called “media legislation” that took place between November of 2005 and March of 2006. Moreover, the academic and theoretical discussion has not achieved a conceptual maturity. This article aims to review the antecedents and development of factual powers and their differentiation from other actors or groups that also exercise influence. It discusses as well the power they currently wield in the electronic media, the State and democracy.     

Nonviolent revolutions: civil resistance in the late 20th century

Why do young Africans participate less in elections than their older counterparts? Given Africa's growing youth bulge, this constituency represents a numerically important voting bloc, and their lower participation in elections could undermine the legitimacy of the region's democratic trajectory. We address this question through a multi-level model that relies on individual-level data from the Afrobarometer surveys and country-level data for 19 of the region's more democratic countries. We classify Africa's youth as belonging to two categories, those aged 18–24 and those aged 25–35. We find that key determinants of the youth's voting behaviour include their access to political knowledge and information as well as their perceptions of the electoral context and party system. In the latter regard, the efficacy and fairness of elections and the degree of partisanship increase the youth's decision to vote, while the length of party incumbency is a deterrent to turnout. These findings hold important implications by highlighting that Africa's youth not only need to be exposed to greater fora for learning about the political process and party options but also that political parties in the region need to become more relevant to this constituency.     

马来西亚华人婚宴菜名结构和寓意

中国人讲究"吃",海外华人也一样。在马来西亚,大多数华人的婚宴菜肴仍然以中式菜肴为主,菜名也延续中国菜名结构。在名称的结构和元素方面,婚宴菜名仍保留着传统方式,以1—5元素并排凑合,除了烹调动词外,其他多为名词。在寓意方面,婚宴菜名也顾及族群的文化和心理,极尽富贵吉利幸福之意。大部分菜名字数介于4—13字之间,以实指、虚指或实虚元素结合,非常多样化,体现了华人对菜肴婚宴语言的高度要求。