In search of ‘history's flesh itself’: Nakano Shigeharu and literary imagination

Nakano Shigeharu (1902–1979) made an intriguing remark late in his literary career concerning the role of literature. He claimed that the task of literature for him was to seek ‘history itself’ or ‘its flesh itself’. Distilled in this comment is the essence of the literary praxis Nakano pursued throughout much of his career. One fruit of this endeavor was a novella, ‘The First Chapter’ (1935), a tale that critically engages with his recent past. Through the analysis of ‘The First Chapter’ and other relevant writings by Nakano, I explore in this article what he meant by ‘history's flesh itself’ and how Nakano wielded his literary imagination to register this ‘flesh’ in his prose fiction, in ways that invites a different kind of remembrance of the past.     

The End of an Era: California's First Attempt to Manage Its Groundwater Resources Through Its Sustainable Groundwater Management Act and Its Impact on Almond Farmers

California is currently in its fourth year of one of the state's most lengthy droughts. This drought has had an enormous impact on the state's residents, particularly its almond farmers. To meet the rising demand in almonds during these difficult drought years, many farmers have decided to tap into the state's previously unregulated groundwater reserves. In an attempt to preserve the state's groundwater resources for future generations, California recently enacted three groundwater management bills into law, which collectively constitute the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. This article discusses and analyzes the adequacy of the act and how it will impact the state's almond farmers.     

Between the Law: The Unmaking of Empire and Law's Imperial Amnesia

Asian victims of Japanese imperialism have filed lawsuits against the Japanese government and corporations since the 1990s, which became prime sites for redress decades after Japan's defeat in World War II. As this ethnography demonstrates, this process paradoxically exposes a legal lacuna within this emergent transnational legal space, with plaintiffs effectively caught between the law, instead of standing before the law. Exploring this absence of law, I map out a post‐imperial legal space, created through the erasure of imperial and colonial subjects in the legal framework after empire. Between the law is an optic that makes visible uneven legal terrains that embody temporal and spatial disjuncture, rupture, and asymmetry. The role of law in post‐imperial transitions remains underexplored in literatures on transnational law, legal imperialism, postcolonialism, and transitional justice. I demonstrate how, at the intersection of law and economy, post‐imperial reckoning is emerging as a new legal frontier, putting at stake law's imperial amnesia.     

Feminist Reading(s) and reading into feminist theory

Abstract

Let me confess in the beginning that I am a latecomer to the field of feminist literary criticism. Having left academia (or, more accurately, never really becoming part of it-the position I got two years after receiving my Ph.D. was one of raising two children), I was introduced to feminist criticism in the mid-1980s, a few years after I wrote the introduction to This Kind of Woman on which the review “Reading Women's Texts” concentrates. I have found feminist literary criticism intellectually stimulating and emotionally satisfying. I found the intellectual stimulation similar to what I had experienced after being introduced to the theories of Freud and Erikson. Indeed, my basic framework for understanding human behavior is colored by those theories I have learned earlier. I am quite willing, however, to apply new theories that would work against the old ones as long as such applications open up new terrain in literary interpretation. On the other hand, it is not a good practice with literary criticism to place a theory ahead of works and to try to force a theoretical position on them. In this response to the review I will therefore try to defend my position without rejecting the notion that there are new worthwhile readings of the stories, that is, that some corrections and modifications of the original reading may be possible and desirable.     

Analysis of methylbenactyzium bromide in human urine by thin-layer chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography.

A rapid and simple method of utilizing thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography (PyGC) for the identification and determination of methylbenactyzium bromide in human urine was studied in this report. Methylbenactyzium bromide was extracted from urine with ODS-cartridge (Sep-Pak C18), then spotted onto a silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate. After development, the separated spot of methylbenactyzium bromide was scraped and wrapped with a ferromagnetic foil without extraction by any organic solvents. The sample was applied into PyGC analysis. The optimum temperature for pyrolysis was 590 degrees C. The main degradation product of methylbenactyzium bromide was identified as diphenylmethane in this procedure by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A calibration graph prepared by absolute calibration method showed a good linearity over the concentration range of 1-75 micrograms/spot for methylbenactyzium bromide. The coefficient of variation obtained for eleven replicate analyses of the 3 micrograms/spot of standard methylbenactyzium bromide was 3.8%. The detection limit of this compound by this procedure was 0.1 micrograms/spot.     

Foreign Policy Making Under Koizumi: Norms and Japan's Role in the 2003 Iraq War

Japan's policy toward the 2003 Iraq War is a test of the constructivist argument about the weight of norms as opposed to material systemic factors in foreign policy making. Constructions of external threats and interests were contested between a largely realist-minded elite around prime minister Koizumi bent on Japan's remilitarization and those still holding to antimilitarist norms. This contest is traced in an analysis of the policy-making process, including the role of bureaucratic and political institutions, the opposition parties and the public. Indicative of the power of norms, Koizumi was forced to compromise his ambition to use the Iraq crisis to help make Japan a "normal" great power.     

Phylogenetic relationship of psychoactive fungi based on rRNA gene for a large subunit and their identification using the TaqMan assay (II)

"Magic mushroom (MM)" is the name most commonly given to psychoactive fungi containing the hallucinogenic components: psilocin (1) and psilocybin (2). We investigated the rRNA gene (internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU)) of two Panaeolus species and four Psilocybe species fungi (of these, two are non-psilocybin species). On the basis of sequence alignment, we improved the identification system developed in our previous study. In this paper, we describe the new system capable of distinguishing MMs from non-psilocybin Psilocybe species, its application data and the phylogeny of MM species.     

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination of hallucinogenic indoles psilocin and psilocybin in "magic mushroom" samples

Accurate and sensitive analytical methods for psilocin (PC) and psilocybin (PB), tryptamine-type hallucinogens contained in "magic mushrooms," were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The chromatographic separation on an ODS column and mass spectral information gave complete discrimination between PC and PB without derivatization. The mass spectrometric detection had a high sensitivity, and the tandem mass spectrometric detection provided more specificity and accuracy, as well as high sensitivity. The detection limits ranged from 1 to 25 pg by LC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode, and the intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were estimated to be 4.21-5.93% by LC-MS-MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode. By applying the present LC-MS-MS technique to four real samples, the contents of PC and PB were found to vary over a wide range (0.60-1.4 and 0.18-3.8 mg/g dry wt. for PC and PB, respectively) between samples.     

Severe Cardiac Rupture by Only One Blow to the Chest in a Young Boy: An Autopsy Case

Cardiac rupture by blunt chest trauma is commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents and falls; however, it is rarely caused by a blow to the chest. We herein report an autopsy case of a high school boy who sustained severe right ventricular rupture by only one knee kick to the chest during a quarrel. He was hospitalized and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient died. The autopsy revealed no external severe trauma or deformation, but the side wall of the right ventricle contained a large V‐shaped laceration. The other thoracic organs had no injuries. This case illustrates that severe cardiac rupture can occur by only one blow to the chest. Blunt cardiac injuries can occur even if no severe injuries are present on the body surface. We should consider the possibility of severe cardiac injuries regardless of the presence of external injuries.