唐宋时期政府商业政策的变化

唐宋处于中国封建文明史的转型时期,包括封建经济在内的社会生活的各个方面都发生了前所未有的深刻变化.与繁荣兴旺的商品经济相适应,唐宋政府的商业政策亦随之进行了调整.概而言之,主要是由专卖榷利制度向注重征商转变,商税逐渐制度化、规范化,扶商政策出现并付诸实施.     

Justice Without Transition: Truth Commissions in the Context of Repressive Rule

While the study of transitional justice, and especially truth commissions, has gained in popularity over the past two decades, the literature is overwhelmingly focused on activities in democratizing states. This introduces a selection bias that interferes with proper analysis of causes and consequences of transitional justice on a global scale. In this paper, I discuss conditions under which new repressive elites, and even old repressive elites who survive to rule and repress in nominally new systems, may choose to launch broad investigations of the past. I argue that such a decision is based on two primary considerations, the presence of internally or externally based incentives (e.g., foreign aid) and the level of political control enjoyed by old elites in the new system. I apply this argument to post-Soviet Central Asia, including a detailed case study of Uzbekistan’s 1999 truth commission based on domestic media analysis and local elite interviews.

New Thinking in Financial Market Regulation: Dismantling the “Split Share Structure” of Chinese Listed Companies

China’s distinctive set of stock market institutions was introduced in 1990. Among the characteristics of China’s stock markets was a strict separation between different categories of investors. Listed companies issued different categories of shares to state shareholders, domestic corporate investors, domestic individual investors, and foreign investors. By 2005, the barriers segmenting China’s stock market had been significantly relaxed. Domestic investors were allowed to purchase shares previously reserved for foreign investors, and approved foreign investors were allowed to purchase shares previously earmarked for domestic individuals. Nevertheless, a crucial barrier remained. An ongoing debate among Chinese academics, investors, and policy makers focused on how to resolve the “split share structure” (guquan fen zhi) in which a minority of shares were tradable while the majority of shares (namely those reserved for domestic corporate and state shareholders) were excluded from the market. The split share structure was blamed for distorting prices and inhibiting development of the stock market. This paper analyzes the policy adopted to address the split share structure. To what extent does this policy change reflect new thinking on the part of China’s market regulators? This paper argues that analysis of policy making in China’s capital markets can help to distinguish between two competing assessments of China’s political economy. One account sees China pursuing a gradualist strategy, slowly but steadily expanding the role of markets. Another account sees China trapped in a semi-marketized and increasingly corrupt development pattern. The implementation of the split share structure reform program provides evidence to support the gradualist account of incremental, but persistent, reform. Mary Comerford Cooper is an assistant professor in political science at the Ohio State University. Her recent research focuses on the politics of financial markets in China and Taiwan. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Comparative Politics Research Workshop/ Globalization, Institutions and Economic Security Workshop at Ohio State University in May 2007, and at the annual meeting of the Association for Chinese Political Studies in July 2007. I benefited greatly from the constructive and insightful comments of Bj?rn Alpermann, Melanie Barr, Jean-Marc Blanchard, Sarah Brooks, Joseph Fewsmith, Sujian Guo, Dane Imerman, Ryan Kennedy, Marcus Kurtz, Xiaoyu Pu, James Reilly, Alex Thompson, Daniel Verdier, Jianwei Wang, Alan Wiseman, Bin Yu, and an anonymous reviewer. I am also grateful for Lan Hu’s exceptional research assistance. All remaining flaws are purely my own.     

脆弱的联盟——美巴关系解读

9.11事件后,美巴双方以反恐为契机,在多个领域拓展战略合作。但近来,美国和巴基斯坦之间频频发出不和谐的声音。展望未来,美巴反恐合作将面临更多复杂因素,两国关系也将面临严峻的考验,双边关系的未来走向充满着许多不确定因素。     

我国反垄断执法机构设置问题研究——以美国、德国为参照

<反垄断法>规定由国务院反垄断执法机构负责反垄断执法工作,但并未明确机构的设置模式、职能权限等.借鉴国外成功经验,立足于本国实际,宜选择由多元行政逐步向一元行政过渡的模式,最终设立直属国务院的统一反垄断执法机构.     

公诉案件被害人当事人制度研究——以德国附带诉讼制度为参考

我国《刑事诉讼法》将被害人确立为公诉案件当事人,被害人与人民检察院作为“共同原告”履行控诉职能,这在理论和实践中都暴露出许多问题。德国附带诉讼制度允许被害人作为附带诉讼的原告人而非公诉案件本身的当事人参加公诉,具有合理性。借鉴德国的做法,我国应增设刑事第三人制度,让被害人作为刑事第三人参加诉讼,并赋予其相应的诉讼权利,从而有效解决被害人在公诉案件中参诉问题。     

青少年社会责任品质的理性审思与形成路径

社会责任品质是新时代文明的价值导引与实践追寻。作为有认知基础并且受稳定的道德价值观支配的道德品质,社会责任品质是责任品质在社会生活中的具体化,是青少年在社会生活中形成的一种稳定的道德品质。基于青少年社会责任品质的现实考察,本文对青少年社会责任品质的内涵、结构与特征进行理性审思,并在此基础上从社会引导与制度保障两个维度分析青少年社会责任品质的形成路径。