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781.
This paper is the first report on a national program for increasing bereavement support for suicide survivors in the Flemish region in Belgium. A Working Group consisting of representatives of a wide variety of mental health institutions, social programs, and suicide survivor groups in the area determined that a program developing networks between the services seems to hold the greatest promise for both an increase in the number of services available and an improvement in the quality of services offered. 相似文献
782.
783.
Belviso M De Donno A Vitale L Introna F 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2003,24(3):292-297
Positional asphyxia, a fatal condition arising because of the adoption of particular body positions, causing mechanical interference with pulmonary ventilation, can occur in various circumstances that are likely to come under the observation of the specialist in legal medicine (work, car accidents, torture, kidnapping, etc.). It is difficult to diagnose the cause of death in such cases because they generally present with an aspecific anatomopathologic picture. In some situations, positional asphyxia can be hard to distinguish from asphyxia because of chest compression. The main difference is in the way the event occurred: whether the particular position causing the asphyxia had been adopted by choice or by compulsion or necessity when an extrinsic mechanical action would result in traumatic asphyxia. The diagnosis of positional asphyxia is essentially based on 3 criteria: the body position must obstruct normal gas exchange, it must be impossible to move to another position, and other causes of natural or violent death must be excluded. To illustrate the main physiopathologic and diagnostic causes of positional asphyxia, the authors report 2 cases taken from the records of events that came under the observation of the Medico-Legal Sector of Bari University Hospital throughout the last 10 years. 相似文献
784.
Chbel F Nadifi S Martinez-Bouzas C Louahlia S Azeddoug H Martinez De Pancorbo M 《Forensic science international》2003,132(1):82-83
The allele frequencies for eight short tandem repeat (STR) loci HUMvWA, HUMFES/FPS, HUMF13A, HUMF13B, HUMTHO1, HUMTPOX, HUMCSF1P0, HUMLPL included in Geneprint STR kits were obtained from 234 unrelated individuals in Casablanca. 相似文献
785.
Fucci N De Giovanni N De Giorgio F Liddi R Chiarotti M 《Forensic science international》2006,156(2-3):102-105
The aim of this project was to evaluate the Cozart RapiScan Oral fluid Drug Testing System as an on-site screening tool for vitreous humor samples collected during post-mortem examinations. Vitreous humor is easy to collect and as it is contained within the eye it is almost completely unaffected by post-mortem redistribution. The ability to carry out an initial drug screen on vitreous humor at the earliest stage of the death investigation process could contribute significantly to the assessment of the role drugs may have played prior to confirmation with toxicological analyses at the laboratory. Vitreous humor (n = 146) was collected from autopsy examinations (111 males and 35 females) with a specific focus on cases where death occurred following a road traffic accident or where an overdose was suspected. All samples were screened using the five-panel methadone Cozart RapiScan Cartridge with an overall positive rate of 29%. Of the positive results, 43% screened positive for benzodiazepines, 17% for cocaine, 7% for methadone and 33% for opiates. Positive samples, with the exception of benzodiazepines, and 20% of negative samples were analysed by GC/MS. This is the first reported use of this system as an on-site forensic tool in death investigation and for screening for drugs of abuse in vitreous humor. The conclusions from this study show that the Cozart RapiScan System could play an important role in obtaining information on the toxicological state of the person at the time of death. 相似文献
786.
Monard Sermier F Massonnet G Buzzini P Fortini A Gason F De Wael K Rovas P 《Forensic science international》2006,160(2-3):102-108
The aim of this work was to study the efficiency of automatic fibre searching with the Maxcan fibre finder (Cox Analytical Systems, Sweden) in comparison to manual searching. The influence of some parameters (color, thickness, background noise) on the results of a fibre search was considered. Eighteen experimental tapes with different target fibres and different background noises were prepared in the laboratory. Searching of fibres was performed manually and with the Maxcan fibre finder by different operators from four European laboratories. Two laboratories have the Maxcan fibre finder system and the two instruments were used and compared in this study. The results show that searching with the Maxcan is generally as efficient as manual searching, except for very pale or very dark fibres. Note that the tapes used for these experiments were prepared in laboratory, and are not completely representative of the tape that could be obtained in real cases. To generalize the results obtained, further research on real case samples would be necessary. 相似文献
787.
Laloup M Del Mar Ramirez Fernandez M Wood M De Boeck G Maes V Samyn N 《Forensic science international》2006,161(2-3):175-179
Oral fluid (collected with the Intercept((R)) device) and plasma samples were obtained from 139 individuals suspected of driving under the influence of drugs and analyzed for Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive constituent of cannabis, using a validated quantitative LC-MS-MS method. The first aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the analytical data obtained in the plasma and oral fluid samples, to evaluate the use of oral fluid as a 'predictor' of actual cannabis influence. The results of the study indicated a good accuracy when comparing THC detection in oral fluid and plasma (84.9-95.7% depending on the cut-off used for plasma analysis). ROC curve analysis was subsequently used to determine the optimal cut-off value for THC in oral fluid with plasma as reference sample, in order to 'predict' a positive plasma result for THC. When using the LOQ of the method for plasma (0.5 ng/mL), the optimal cut-off was 1.2 ng/mL THC in oral fluid (sensitivity, 94.7%; specificity, 92.0%). When using the legal cut-off in Belgium for driving under the influence in plasma (2 ng/mL), an optimal cut-off value of 5.2 ng/mL THC in oral fluid (sensitivity, 91.6%; specificity, 88.6%) was observed. In the second part of the study, the performance of the on-site Dr?ger DrugTest for the screening of THC in oral fluid during roadside controls was assessed by comparison with the corresponding LC-MS-MS results in plasma and oral fluid. Since the accuracy was always less than 66%, we do not recommend this Dr?ger DrugTest system for the on-site screening of THC in oral fluid. 相似文献
788.
Presciuttini S Cerri N Turrina S Pennato B Alù M Asmundo A Barbaro A Boschi I Buscemi L Caenazzo L Carnevali E De Leo D Di Nunno C Domenici R Maniscalco M Peloso G Pelotti S Piccinini A Podini D Ricci U Robino C Saravo L Verzeletti A Venturi M Tagliabracci A 《Forensic science international》2006,156(2-3):266-268
Results from a collaborative exercise with proficiency testing conducted by 20 Italian laboratories on the 15 loci included in the Identifiler kit were analyzed by allele sharing methods and by standard population genetics tests. The validated database, including about 1500 subjects, was merged with that of a previous exercise conducted on nine loci, and the resulting allele frequencies, subdivided by Italian region, were published on-line. 相似文献
789.
Tabbada KA De Ungria MC Faustino LP Athanasiadou D Stradmann-Bellinghausen B Schneider PM 《Forensic science international》2005,154(2-3):173-180
Quadruplex and pentaplex systems for polymerase chain reaction amplification of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats DXS101, HPRTB, DXS8377, DXS981 (STRX1) and DXS6789 were developed for automated profiling of liquid and membrane-bound DNA samples. Chinese, Japanese and Thai populations were typed using a quadruplex system, while German and Philippine populations were analyzed using a five-locus system. Out of 88 meioses studied in Philippine family samples at each locus, a possible one repeat deletion (allele 51 to 50) at DXS8377 was observed in a father-daughter pair. Exact tests performed on genotype data from females in the Philippine, German and Thai populations indicated that these groups conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Exact tests for population differentiation indicate significant variations in allele distributions, particularly at loci DXS101, DXS981 and DXS6789. Considered individually, DXS8377 was the most polymorphic and HPRTB the least polymorphic locus in these five populations. When the forensic efficiency of the quadruplex system was calculated, the combined power of discrimination among males (PD(M)) was no lower than 0.998, while among females the combined PD(F) was at least 0.9999 in all populations. The combined power of paternity exclusion was a minimum of 0.998 in trio cases and 0.98 in motherless cases. The addition of locus DXS6789 to the German and Philippine population databases using a pentaplex increased the forensic efficiency of the analysis system. 相似文献
790.
Twelve Y-chromosome STRs--DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439--were typed in a population sample (n=104) of unrelated males from Brescia (northern Italy). A total of 91 haplotypes were identified by the 12 Y-STR loci. The haplotype diversity (98.68%), discrimination capacity (87.50%) and gene diversity were calculated. 相似文献