全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2268篇 |
免费 | 80篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 283篇 |
工人农民 | 53篇 |
世界政治 | 147篇 |
外交国际关系 | 127篇 |
法律 | 1328篇 |
中国共产党 | 7篇 |
中国政治 | 13篇 |
政治理论 | 382篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 58篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 126篇 |
2017年 | 125篇 |
2016年 | 147篇 |
2015年 | 107篇 |
2014年 | 75篇 |
2013年 | 237篇 |
2012年 | 85篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 68篇 |
2009年 | 91篇 |
2008年 | 118篇 |
2007年 | 140篇 |
2006年 | 142篇 |
2005年 | 73篇 |
2004年 | 73篇 |
2003年 | 56篇 |
2002年 | 70篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 56篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2348条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
931.
The hardening of soft budget constraints (SBCs) is a central element in transforming the economies of Central and Eastern
Europe into market economies. This paper presents macro evidence on budget hardening of transition economies comparing the
performance of EU accession countries relative to non-accession countries. We estimate SBC hardening for 21 transition economies
in a partial adjustment model by measuring the reaction of employment to output changes over a 10-year period. The paper finds
that accession candidates have reduced excess labour demand substantially relative to non-accession countries.
相似文献
Herbert BrückerEmail: |
932.
JÖRN FISCHER 《Public administration》2012,90(3):600-621
How is the doctrine of ministerial responsibility applied in the decisions of German ministers (not) to resign? This question arises from an empirical puzzle as well as from a theoretical contradiction. Despite the prominent principle of ministerial responsibility, empirically, the ‘personal consequences' of ministerial scandals in their area of responsibility, display a large variance. Some ministers resign because of rather trifling affairs, others stay in office in spite of serious scandals. Taking into consideration the delegation relationship between the executive and the parliament, in view of the principal‐agent theory, a minister's resignation due to major political or personal misconduct is to be expected. On the other hand, the actual constitutional configuration of ministerial responsibility casts theoretical doubts on the ministerial loss of office. The quantitative analysis of 133 resignation issues in the years 1949 to 2009 reveals that ministerial responsibility bears no relevance to the decision whether to resign or not. Indeed, when the cause of the resignation issue is directly connected to ministerial responsibility, the probability of a resignation even decreases. 相似文献
933.
Breitmeier D Schulz M Schulz Y Günther D Fieguth A Albrecht K 《Archiv für Kriminologie》2010,226(3-4):107-118
In a retrospective analysis of the autopsy material (n = 5,767) of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the Hanover Medical School covering the period of 1998-2007, all aquatic fatalities were evaluated, categorized and systematically compared under epidemiological and forensic criteria. The total of 156 cases of death by drowning (2.7 % of all autopsies) included 38 bathtub drownings and 28 deaths in the water for which no pathological anatomical cause of death could be reliably demonstrated. A control group (n = 221) was investigated for the presence of aqueous liquid in the sphenoid sinuses and compared with the findings of the drowning cases without signs of putrefaction. About 16 % of the control cases had fluid in the sphenoid sinuses compared with 57.6 % in the drowning group. Most of the drowning victims were men (60.9 %), whereas in the group of bathtub drownings the majority were women. More than half of the drowning cases (n = 89) could be classified as accidents. The individual groups showed a different incidence of findings associated with drowning. 相似文献
934.
935.
936.
Gönenç Gürkaynak İlay Yılmaz Burak Yeşilaltay Berk Bengi 《Computer Law & Security Report》2018,34(4):847-862
Blockchain technology is claimed to be and perceived as one of the revolutionary technologies that will have an enormous impact on our lives in the forthcoming years and decades. The legal questions surrounding blockchain appear to be among the most controversial issues surrounding this novel technology, which create uncertainties as to the scope and speed of its eventual adoption. Is it legal to use blockchain technology? Does or should any governmental authority or court take a record stored in blockchain into consideration in their decisions? Is blockchain reliable? Can the technology be used for the protection and enforcement of legal and property rights?The technological advancements offered by blockchain promise wide ranges of use in a variety of sectors and legal areas, including intellectual property (IP) law. This paper will focus primarily on the possible opportunities that blockchain may offer with respect to the future of IP law and discuss its potential impact on the registration, management and enforcement of intellectual property rights. We will proceed to offer blockchain-based solutions to foster the operation of IP offices, reinforce customs procedures in detecting counterfeit products, and enhance the efficiency of IP rights management by the right holders. The paper concludes by providing some suggestions to pave the way for the advancement of blockchain technology and to increase the number of people that this technology reaches, as well as its successful integration into the various services and registration/transaction channels that we use today. 相似文献
937.
Sandy Krammer Hedwig Eisenbarth David Hügli Michael Liebrenz Philipp Kuwert 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2018,29(1):72-85
This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic events (CTE), social support levels as well as mental health problems (MHP), to test for differences between traumatized and non-traumatized individuals, and to investigate the relationship among the aforementioned parameters in a sample of 49 prisoners in Switzerland. This cross-sectional study used standardized self-report measurements. In line with expectations, prisoners reported a high rate of traumatic events. Furthermore, results indicated that those traumatized differed from those non-traumatized regarding the level of social support, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. However, no relationship between CTE and social support as well as MHP was found. This points to specific therapeutic needs of those traumatized, and to the necessity of a trauma-informed correctional care. Moreover, these study results are a further step into more integrated models of criminal behavior. 相似文献
938.
Effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity‐based treatment program for violent and sexual offenders: Results of a retrospective,quasi‐experimental study 下载免费PDF全文
Katharina Seewald Astrid Rossegger Juliane Gerth Frank Urbaniok Gary Phillips Jérôme Endrass 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2018,23(1):85-99
Purpose
Relapse prevention is an important goal in correctional settings. Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of certain treatment programs for juvenile offenders, those for adults lack such evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity (RNR)‐based intervention.Methods
A quasi‐experimental, observational study design and cox regression analysis were used to compare treated violent and sexual offenders (n = 171) with untreated offenders (n = 241).Results
Both groups were observed for an average of 7.9 years. Recidivism rates of treated offenders (11.7%, n = 20) were similar to those of control offenders (15.8%, n = 38; p = .25). When controlling for confounding variables, the hazard of recidivism in the treatment group was 5.2% lower than that in the control group. Subdividing the treatment group resulted in lower hazard ratios for offenders still in therapy when released and offenders cancelling therapy. However, none of the group differences was statistically significant.Conclusion
Our results show that control and RNR‐based treatment groups had comparable recidivism rates with a trend towards a positive treatment effect, especially for people in outpatient treatment. However, criminal history, age at the start of follow‐up, and actuarial risk of recidivism were significantly associated with recidivism. Future research needs to apply elaborate methodological approaches to detect robust treatment effects and consider different criteria of treatment effectiveness. Furthermore, the influence of prison climate, motivational factors, intervention quality, and factors supporting the success of outpatient treatment should be considered in future studies of larger offender samples. 相似文献939.
940.