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This study examined the cellular origin and concentration of nuclear DNA in human urine. Ten subjects provided two entire, first-morning voids: one as a single specimen and one as a consecutive series of samples. The serial samples were centrifuged, organically extracted, and quantified by slot-blot analysis. Total DNA concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 21.3 ng/mL for the males and 25.0 to 96.9 ng/mL for the females. The female samples were found to contain numerous vaginal epithelial cells. DNA was detected in all of the serial samples of nine subjects; however, the DNA concentrations varied considerably. With six subjects, the DNA concentration of the first serial sample was at least three times greater than that of the entire void. DNA was only detected in the first 21% of the void from one male subject. The results of this study have implications for the collection of urine samples. 相似文献
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Caroline E. Temcheff Lisa A. Serbin Alexa Martin-Storey Dale M. Stack Sheilagh Hodgins Jane Ledingham Alex E. Schwartzman 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(4):231-242
Literature suggests that early patterns of aggressive behavior in both girls and boys are predictive of later violent behavior,
including violence that takes place within family contexts. Utilizing the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project, a study of
individuals recruited as children in the 1970s from inner-city schools in Montreal, this study examined different pathways
whereby aggressive behavioral styles in childhood may place individuals at risk for continuing patterns of violence towards
children and spouses. Childhood aggression directly predicted self-reported violence towards spouse for both sexes, with indirect
routes through lowered educational attainment and marital separation. Aggression in childhood was also found to predict parents’
self-reports of using violence with their children. For mothers, educational attainment and current absence of the biological
father from the child’s home also played important roles in predicting violent behavior towards offspring. These findings
provide evidence of both continuity of aggressive behavior and indirect risk paths to family violence, via lower educational
attainment and parental absence. In both men and women, childhood aggression may be an identifiable precursor of family violence
and child abuse. 相似文献
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Alexa Kasdan 《New Political Science》2017,39(1):143-155
Research and evaluation is an integral part of the Participatory Budgeting (PB) process. Since PB in New York City (PBNYC) is designed to be a democratic and community-based initiative that is grounded in the values of equity and inclusion, it is important that the research and evaluation methods used to study the process and its participants adhere to the same principles. For the past five years, a team of community-based researchers, academics, and PB participants have designed research questions and instruments, implemented data collection, analyzed and shared data with PB participants and practitioners, and issued reports to the wider public. Like PB, the research design is rooted in the communities where PB is operating. The research is not intended to sit on a shelf but is actively used by participants and practitioners to help reflect on the process, improve deliberation in decision-making, and strengthen the process and outcomes of PB. This article will discuss Participatory Action Research principles used by the Community Development Project of the Urban Justice Center, explore the applicability of these principles to the Participatory Budgeting research context, and explain how these practices have helped to deepen and improve the process and outcomes of PBNYC. 相似文献
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Eva Aizpurua Alexa J. Singer Leah F. Butler Nicole L. Collier Marc G. Gertz 《Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice》2017,15(4):372-393
Islamophobia appears to be growing, becoming a mainstream ideology in the United States. Despite the current spike in anti-Islamic sentiment and fear of the Islamic “other,” these ideas are not new and can be traced back to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Using survey data collected only months after the attacks (N = 422), this study uses an integrated threat framework to examine predictors of public support for increased security in the United States. The results show that perceived personal threat and support for policies that criminalize Muslims predict support for security policies that compromise civil liberties. This is especially true among older individuals, conservatives, individuals less inclined towards individual freedom, and those living in the Northeast or in the South. 相似文献
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This study examines the association between state laws that prohibit firearm ownership for offenders convicted of misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence (MCDV) and firearm ownership in two-parent families with high-conflict male partners with arrest histories. Mixed effects logistic regression models applied to data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth cohort (n?= 5350) determined that living in a state with laws that prohibited firearm ownership for convicted MCDV offenders decreased the likelihood of firearm ownership among families with high-conflict males by 62%. The length of the time limit on firearm prohibition was correlated with incremental decreases in firearm ownership in such families, with the probability of firearm ownership among families with high-conflict males decreasing from 30% in states with no MCDV laws restricting access from firearms to 12% in states with permanent prohibition on firearm ownership. These findings have significance for public health policy aimed at decreasing intimate-partner homicide. 相似文献
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Dr. Markus Appel 《Natur und Recht》2005,27(7):427-433
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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