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51.
Matt Ryan Gerry Stoker Alice Moseley Oliver James Liz Richardson 《Local Government Studies》2013,39(6):766-787
Interventions aimed at increasing the supply and representativeness of elected officials range from facilitative to the formally authorised. This paper reports on a field experiment aimed at testing the effect of facilitative approaches at the local level based on a collaboration between parish councils and the research team. We randomly allocated 818 parish council clerks across five counties in Southern England, either to receive information and the opportunity for member training for recruitment, or not to receive this contact. We investigated the effect of this intervention on political recruitment. Despite evidence of an effect on use of social media, our results suggest that there are significant institutional and structural barriers to participation in local politics that cannot easily be overcome using facilitative measures. 相似文献
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This article challenges some previous assessments of agricultural extension relying on simple measures of costs per farmer trained. Taking the case of Egypt, five pilot projects that aim to transform the existing agricultural extension system to a participatory system are analysed as regards their cost‐effectiveness and prospective cost–benefits. It is shown that the intensity and likely impact of participatory approaches among the different projects vary. Hence, it is insufficient to judge extension programmes by their cost‐effectiveness alone. In the case of cotton, for example, the costs per farmer trained are considerably lower than in horticultural crops but there are large differences in prospective benefits which would make investment in participatory extension in the latter more promising. The article calls for a more careful analysis of the costs of extension programmes in agricultural development and identifies four major cost categories, namely base costs, start‐up costs, recurrent and farmers' costs. The article also submits that in the context of the debate on privatization of agricultural extension there is a role to be played for the public sector in agriculture. The success of participatory approaches to extension will depend on the quality of services provided in connection with farmer training programmes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
Alice J. Hovorka 《Development in Practice》2006,16(1):51-61
This paper considers the role of urban agriculture in addressing the practical and strategic needs of African women, and assesses the gender implications of embracing urban agriculture as a development intervention strategy. Empirical evidence from Botswana and Zimbabwe points to the multi-faceted role of urban agriculture whereby some women use this activity to support their households on a daily basis, and others use it as an avenue for social and economic empowerment over the longer term. In order to benefit rather than burden women, the promotion and support of urban agriculture must take on an emancipatory agenda, which supports individual, practical and strategic goals, and ultimately challenges the structural conditions that give rise to women's involvement in the activity in the first place. 相似文献
59.
Alice Belcher 《European Journal of Law and Economics》1995,2(3):211-226
This paper demonstrates the applicability of two empirical techniques—the Heckman two-stage switching regression and the event study methodology—for evaluating regulatory or legislative change relating to companies and in particular to the regulation of company reporting. These techniques measure the impact of regulatory changes once they have happened. They could be used in practice if regulatory changes were subject to a review procedure. The availability of these relatively sophisticated techniques should encourage the quantitative analysis of regulatory changes. Comparisons of effects across member states of the European Union would be interesting but would obviously need care. 相似文献
60.
Temporary migration in Shanghai and Beijing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In a number of developing countries, temporary migration plays a key role in the labor market. In China, where permanent migration
is carefully controlled, movement without an official change in household registration (temporary migration) is relatively
unrestricted. It has increased dramatically since the economic reforms introduced in 1979. Using data from surveys in Shanghai
and Beijing, this article focuses on the sociodemographic characteristics of temporary migrants in relation to their reasons
for moving and the duration of their stay at destination. Many temporary migrants come to these cities in search of work;
however, many others move for noneconomic reasons associated with family reunion and retirement. Moreover, the distinctive
socioeconomic features of Shanghai and Beijing also influence the characteristics of temporary migrants and their reasons
for coming to the cities.
Alice Goldstein is senior researcher at the Population Studies and Training Center of Brown University, Providence, R.I. 02912.
Her research deals with the interrelations among population mobility, urbanization, and economic development. Among her most
recent publications isPermanent and Temporary Migration Differentials in China, East-West Population Institute Paper No. 117 (Honolulu: 1990) (co-author with Sidney Goldstein).
Shenyang Guo recently received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan and has held an appointment as a postdoctoral fellow
at Brown University. His research interests encompass fertility changes and economic development in China. 相似文献