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This article systematically investigates interest group–party interactions in the Netherlands, Denmark and the United Kingdom based on cross‐national surveys with responses from 1,225 interest groups. The findings show that interest groups and parties still interact in the beginning of the twenty‐first century, but that the vast majority of their interaction involves a low degree of institutionalisation. Using fractional logit analysis, it is demonstrated that the strength of interest group–party linkage is primarily affected by systematic differences in state–society structures and organisational group characteristics. Moreover, differences are found in what conditions different types of interaction. Whereas historical legacies and partisan origin influence an interest group's structural party links, group resources make interactions of a less institutionalised, ad hoc nature more likely. 相似文献
614.
Rural African American children living in poverty have a higher prevalence rate of mental health disorders than their urban
counterparts. While access to mental health services is lacking in resource scarce rural communities, African American rural
residents may also be the most likely to confront significant barriers to care and help-seeking. Studies of mental health
help-seeking behavior among rural families are rare, even rarer are studies of African Americans living in these areas. To
address this gap, the current study examined perceptions about help-seeking for adolescents with mental health problems among
rural African American families. Data were obtained from African American mothers in rural Georgia to assess their perceptions
of the mental health service system, help-seeking processes, and service experiences. A mixed-method approach was implemented,
integrating a quantitative survey (n = 163) with qualitative interviews (subsample n = 21). Most of the mothers expressed
confidence in mental health care providers’ to help. Preferred sources of support, however, were family, church, and schools.
Community stigma towards children with mental health problems and their families was a frequently endorsed perceived barrier
to help-seeking. Although cultural mistrust was one of the two most frequently endorsed barriers in the survey, it did not
emerge as a universal barrier to help-seeking for the mothers in this sample. Implications for research, policy, and practice
include addressing family concerns about stigma, preferences for informal support and non-specialty services in addressing
adolescents’ mental health problems, and building community resources to enable all youth to participate in community life. 相似文献
615.
Douglas B. Marlowe David S. FestingerKaren L. Dugosh Anne CaronMarcy R. Podkopacz Nicolle T. Clements 《Journal of criminal justice》2011,39(3):253
Purpose
This field trial examined the process of assigning drug-involved offenders to dispositions based on their criminogenic risks and needs.Methods
Probation officers administered the Risk and Needs Triage (RANT)™ to 627 felony drug and property offenders at the pre-trial stage or shortly after sentencing to probation. The RANT™ was evaluated for internal scale consistency, factor structure, and predictive validity for re-arrest and re-conviction rates within 12 months of case disposition. Exploratory analyses examined whether recidivism was lower for participants who were assigned to an appropriate disposition given their assessment results.Results
The RANT™ demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and factorial validity, and significantly predicted re-arrest and re-conviction rates within 12 months of case disposition. There was no racial or gender bias in the prediction of recidivism. Non-significant trends favored better outcomes for participants who were assigned to the indicated dispositions.Conclusions
The results lend support for the RANT™ as a dispositional triage tool for drug-involved defendants and probationers at or near the point of arrest. The results also lend tentative support to the hypothesis that outcomes might be better if drug-involved offenders were matched to appropriate dispositions based on their risk-and-need profiles. Directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献616.
Changes in mental health legislation (e.g. Mental Health Act 2007 in England and Wales, Mental Health Act 2001 in Ireland) have generally improved adherence to international human rights standards, but also present challenges to primary care providers. When mental health legislation was substantially reformed in Ireland, 62.9% of general practitioners (GPs) felt the new legislation was not user-friendly. Majorities of GPs who felt the legislation affected their practice reported increased workloads (85%) and various other difficulties (53%). GPs who had received training about the legislation were more likely to find it user-friendly (43% versus 30.9%), and informal training (e.g. from colleagues) was just as likely as formal training to be associated with a GP finding it user-friendly. With similar changes to mental health legislation being introduced in England and Wales, it is significant that informal training is just as good as formal training in helping GPs work with new mental health legislation. 相似文献
617.
Laura Banks Lorna Bigsby Maureen Conroyd Cynthia First Celia Griffin Billie Grissom Brad Lancaster Deb Millar Anne Perry Kevin Scudder Jeff Shushan 《Family Court Review》2011,49(2):249-256
This article describes the development of a practice group based on a hunter‐gatherer model, with the mission of providing high quality collaborative divorce services, with an emphasis on protecting children and divorcing partners, and expanding access to middle‐ and lower‐income families. The practice group professional disciplines include law, mental health divorce coaching, co‐parent coaching, financial analysis, and case administration. These professionals have collectively associated their individual practices to address challenges facing their collaborative practices. With common purpose, the practice group builds skills, generates client base, nurtures trust, and lays a common knowledge base. Collaborative divorce teams formed from its members serve divorcing families with efficient, cost‐conscious, interest‐based negotiation processes that protect children and help parties productively move on with their lives. 相似文献
618.
Uhrenholt L Freeman MD Jurik AG Jensen LL Gregersen M Boel LW Kohles SS Thomsen AH 《Forensic science international》2011,206(1-3):e52-e57
Neck injuries resulting from motor vehicle collisions (MVC), often referred to as whiplash trauma and injury, often demonstrate little or no evidence of significant tissue damage. In rare instances, however, serious injury to the anterior neck organ injuries can result from such trauma. The present study describes esophageal injury associated with rear-impact collisions, based on a unique case report, review of the scientific literature and a query in the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) database of the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Medline search and present case study totaled five cases of rear-impact collision-related serious esophageal injury (laceration or rupture). In the four published cases all patients survived, whereas in the presented case study, the patient died due to mediastinitis and sepsis. The NASS query revealed an additional three cases out of a total of 55,926 investigated crashes. All three cases were associated with fatalities. Although no anatomical or bioengineering studies have presented data on the behavior of the esophagus during rear-impact whiplash loading, sudden tensile and/or compressive forces is the likely explanation of injury, often in combination with a local fracture of a vertebral body. In these 8 cases significant esophageal injury carried a substantial (50%) risk of mortality. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for significant complications in the whiplash trauma-exposed patient who complains of chest pain, mid-thoracic pain, discomfort in the neck and throat, respiratory distress, or hoarseness. For those forensic specialists involved in whiplash cases these study results highlight the need to consider esophageal injuries as a rare but potential consequence of whiplash trauma. 相似文献
619.
This case note identifies the relevant findings of the AppealsJudgment of Semanza, which have an impact on the developmentof international criminal law. In particular, the case notewill discuss the phenomenon of cumulative convictions, the positionof authority within the definition of ordering and the competenceof the Appeals Chamber to enter a first conviction. 相似文献
620.