The Conceptual History of Social Justice

Social justice is a crucial ideal in contemporary political thought. Yet the concept of social justice is a recent addition to our political vocabulary, and comparatively little is known about its introduction into political debate or its early theoretical trajectory. Some important research has begun to address this issue, adding a valuable historical perspective to present-day controversies about the concept. This article uses this literature to examine two questions. First, how does the modern idea of social justice differ from previous conceptualisations of justice? Second, why and when did social justice first emerge into political discourse?     

不同细胞因子对水牛原始生殖细胞传代培养的影响

为探讨不同细胞因子对水牛原始生殖细胞(PGCs)传代培养的影响,将PGCs分别采用A、B、C、D、E、F和G共7种培养基进行培养,即A组:基础液+10 ng/mL白血病抑制因子(LIF)+10 ng/mL碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF);B组:基础液+20 ng/mL LIF+20 ng/mL bFGF;C组:基础液+20 ng/mLLIF+10 ng/mL bFGF;D组:基础液+20 ng/mL LIF;E组:基础液+20 ng/mL LIF+20 ng/mL bFGF+20ng/mL干细胞因子(SCF);F组:基础液+20 ng/mL LIF+40 ng/mL bFGF+40 ng/mL SCF;G组(对照组):基础液。将机械法分离的PGCs小集落接种到水牛胎儿成纤维细胞(BEF)饲养层上进行传代培养。结果,原代时,A、B、C、D、E和F组的克隆数目都显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中E和F组的克隆数目显著高于A组(P<0.05),而与B、C、D组差异均不显著(P>0.05);1~8代时,B、C、D、E、F组的克隆数目显著高于A组(P<0.05);对照组传代数仅为2代,A组为5代,而B、C、D、E和F组均为8代以上。结果表明,在传代过程中,LIF起主要作用,20 ng/mL的LIF浓度可以满足水牛PGCs传代培养的需要。     

Ideology and Post-structuralism after Bernard Stiegler

What is the objective of ideology critique today? A unique answer to this question can be found in the work of Bernard Stiegler: the object of ideology critique is stupidity. Stiegler’s work will be situated with regard to the study of ideology and post-structuralism, reframed as respective versions of a dichotomy between critical and neutral theories, to show how Stiegler’s conception of ideology encompasses both. How he thinks ideology ‘after’ post-structuralism will be explored through his reading of Deleuze and Guattari. First, by seeing how Stiegler capitalizes upon the theoretical developments of Deleuze and Guattari to rethink the notion of ideology. Second, by seeing how this understanding of ideology is folded back on their work in order to discern how post-structuralism can be critiqued by a theory of ideology that utilizes its views. From the perspective of his reading of desire in Deleuze, Guattari and Freud, Stiegler shows how ideology destroys the desire to rethink ideas, and enforces stupidity. Third, after Stiegler’s theoretical labour, we arrive at a notion of ideology dichotomized between the critical and the stupid, tasking critique with the invention of new forms of desire, and the struggle against stupidity.     

A Picture Worth a Thousand Pains

This essay will examine the training and orientation of child sexual abuse investigators. Particular attention will be devoted to the manner in which investigators are conducted, and how statements and behaviors of children are interpreted.