The Legal Response of the League of Nations to Terrorism

Terrorism was first confronted as a discrete subject matterof international law by the international community in the mid-1930s,following the assassination of a Yugoslavian king and a Frenchforeign minister by ethnic separatists. The League's attemptto generically define terrorism in an international treaty prefiguredmany of the legal, political, ideological and rhetorical disputeswhich plagued the international community's attempts to defineterrorism in the 50 years after the Second World War. Althoughthe treaty never entered into force following the dissolutionof the League itself, the League's core definition has beenhighly resilient and has influenced subsequent legal effortsto define terrorism. While the League's 1937 Convention forthe Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism is often referredto obliquely in international legal discussions of terrorism,the drafting of the Convention has seldom been intensively analysed.By closely examining its drafting, this article elucidates howthe drafters of the Convention agreed on a definition of terrorism,and why they rejected alternative definitions. In doing so,it hopes to refresh and enliven current international debatesabout definition in the wake of the United Nation's 60th anniversaryyear, which saw renewed emphasis placed on the quest for definition.     

关于司法鉴定人负责制的反思

现行的司法鉴定人负责制，无论从司法鉴定程序、社会传统理念、司法鉴定文书出具方式、司法鉴定人的责任能力和执业保障制度、现行相关法律和规章等各方面，都是行不通的，应予改革。     

对司法鉴定协会推行技术仲裁之论证

自黑龙江省2003年成立全国第一家司法鉴定人协会以来，全国绝大部分省均已陆续成立了省级司法鉴定协会。司法鉴定协会的传统作用和通常可预期的作用不外乎以下方面：业务指导和培训、学术交流、业务交流和调研、对外交流、信息共享、纪律约束和奖惩、会员维权、竞业协调、行业间协调、与相关国家机关间的协调、制订行业标准和技术规范、立法咨询、信誉等级评价、社会慈善。笔者认为，除了以上作用以外，司法鉴定协会还有更大的空间发挥其技术和社会团体的优势，至少在处理信访和投诉，减少重新鉴定率方面可以有明显的作为。     

Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and the problem of human specificity

When analysing trace materials and degraded DNA the issue of human specificity is highly important. Especially when it comes down to the analysis of mitochondrial DNA which is extremely susceptible to contamination authenticity is the main question. Therefore in the presented study mitochondrial primers were tested on their human specificity. In all cases it was possible to amplify DNA of animals with human mt-primers. These unintentional amplifications could only be decreased by choosing austere PCR parameters. The study implies the importance of comprehensive evaluation of primers, chemicals and PCR parameters.     

水牛原生殖细胞核移植的研究

以水牛原生殖细胞(PGCs)为核供体,成熟水牛卵母细胞为受体,采用电融合法和胞质内直接注核法对水牛PGCs的核移植进行了研究.从水牛胎儿的生殖嵴或生殖腺分离得到PGCs,在胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上传代培养后,进行核移植.结果显示,当采用电融合法时,PGCs核移植的融合率、分裂率、囊胚率和总囊胚率均显著高于胎儿成纤维细胞(P＜0.05);当采用直接注核法进行核移植时,PGCs的核移植囊胚率显著高于胎儿成纤维细胞(P＜0.05),但分裂率差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,水牛PGCs细胞是理想的核移植供体细胞.     

Comparing deep-end confinement in England & Wales and Norway

Extreme forms of custody represent the boundary points of state power. The configuration of the most restrictive corners of prison systems, and what goes on within them, is highly instructive in exposing the objectives, limits, and implications of state coercion at its most severe. Based on data collected in England & Wales and Norway, this article has two main aims. The first is to explore the degree to which “deep-end” confinement differs between jurisdictions with different penal philosophies. The second is to understand how the most extreme form of confinement in each jurisdiction differs from the more typical carceral experiences within each system and its overall penal ethos. Empirically, then, the article seeks to shine light into the deepest dominions of both prison systems, illuminating the experiential texture of extreme forms of imprisonment. It concludes by asking what can be inferred about Nordic exceptionalism, and about deep-end confinement more generally, by analyzing these domains.     

The Inner Enemies of Democracy

The Inner Enemies of Democracy. By Tzvetan Todorov, trans. Andrew Brown (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2014), pp.vi + 201. £20.00 (cloth).