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791.
Joanna?D.?PozzuloEmail author Julie?L.?Dempsey Kerry?Wells 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(1):22-26
Children’s (N = 89) identification accuracy was examined as a function of lineup size. Participants (8–13 years) viewed a videotaped staged
event, described what was witnessed and then were presented with either a target-present or—absent lineup containing 6 versus
12 lineup members. The elimination lineup procedure (Pozzulo and Lindsay J Appl Psychol 38: 2195–2209 1999) was used to present lineups. No significant differences in correct identification rates were found across the target-present
sized lineups. In addition, the target was likely to “survive” at a comparable rate regardless of lineup size. Moreover, there
was no significant difference in correct rejection rate as a function of lineup size. The non significance of these data are
critical given that most research with child witnesses uses 6-person lineups whereas in many real world contexts larger sized
lineups are used (e.g., 12-person in Canada). 相似文献
792.
Carolina Villacampa Núria Torres 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2017,23(3):393-408
Human trafficking for criminal exploitation is one of the lesser-known forms of human trafficking. The failure of the criminal justice system to identify the victims of this type of trafficking can lead to a failure to take the victim-centred approach to trafficking espoused in the international legal instruments that regulate the matter, an approach that emphasises the protection of victims and respect for their rights. In light of earlier findings of the existence of unidentified victims of human trafficking for criminal exploitation in several European countries — the UK, Ireland, Spain, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands — a qualitative study was conducted, consisting of 37 in-depth interviews with practising criminal justice professionals and victim service providers in Spain. Because undetected victims of human trafficking for criminal exploitation are usually treated as offenders, the main aim of this research with professionals was to determine the causes of the criminal justice system’s failure to identify the victims of this specific form of trafficking in order to prevent them from remaining hidden victims. 相似文献
793.
Hilary?F.?ByrnesEmail author Brenda?A.?Miller Meng-Jinn?Chen Joel?W.?Grube 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(3):347-360
The neighborhood context can interfere with parents’ abilities to effectively monitor their children, but may be related to
specific monitoring strategies in different ways. The present study examines the importance of mothers’ perceptions of neighborhood
disorganization for the specific monitoring strategies they use and how each of these strategies are related to youths’ alcohol
use and delinquency. The sample consists of 415 mother–child dyads recruited from urban and suburban communities in Western
New York state. Youths were between 10 and 16 years of age (56% female), and were mostly Non-Hispanic White and African American
(45.3 and 36.5%, respectively). Structural equation modeling shows that mothers who perceive greater neighborhood problems
use more rule-setting strategies, but report lower levels of knowledge of their children’s whereabouts. Knowledge of whereabouts
is related to less youth alcohol use and delinquency through its association with lowered peer substance use, whereas rule-setting
is unrelated to these outcomes. Thus, mothers who perceive greater problems in their neighborhoods use less effective monitoring
strategies. Prevention programs could address parental monitoring needs based upon neighborhood differences, tailoring programs
for different neighborhoods. Further, parents could be apprised of the limitations of rule-setting, particularly in the absence
of monitoring their child’s whereabouts. 相似文献
794.
Gillmore MR Chen AC Haas SA Kopak AM Robillard AG 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(11):1503-1518
Studies show that positive family factors help protect adolescents from engaging in risky sexual activities, but do they continue to protect adolescents as they transition to late adolescence/early adulthood? Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examined whether family support, parent–child closeness, parental control/monitoring of adolescent behaviors and parent–child communication about sex, assessed in adolescence, were related to condom use in late adolescence/early adulthood among African American (n = 1,986), Chinese American (n = 163), Mexican American (n = 1,011) and White (n = 6,971) youth. Controlling for demographic variables and number of sex partners, the results showed that family support was positively related and parent–child communication was negatively related to condom use for the sample as a whole and for the white sample, but not for the other groups. Parent–child communication about sex and parental control were negatively related to condom use in the Chinese American sample. None of the family factors was related to condom use in the African American or Mexican American samples. Overall, parents talked more with daughters than sons about sexual matters. Condom use was most common among African Americans and among males. Greater attention to cultural expectations regarding sex and gender roles, as well as the causal ordering of effects, are important directions for future research. 相似文献
795.
Menarche is a discrete, transitional event that holds considerable personal, social, biological, and developmental significance.
The present longitudinal study examined both the transition and timing of menarche on the trajectory of anxiety in girls with
histories of childhood maltreatment (N = 93; 63% European American, 14% multiracial, 10% Latino, 9% African American, and 4% Native American). We hypothesized that
because menarche is a novel, unfamiliar experience, girls would show greater anxiety around the time of menarche. The anxiety-provoking
nature of menarche may be accentuated among earlier-maturing girls and girls with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Results
indicated that earlier-maturing girls were more anxious in the pre- and peri-menarche periods than their later-maturing peers;
however, their anxiety declined after menarche. Childhood sexual abuse was associated with heightened anxiety throughout this
transition. The developmental significance of the timing and transition of menarche in relation to childhood sexual abuse
and anxiety is discussed. 相似文献
796.
797.
798.
Y?ld?z Atasoy 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2011,24(3-4):105-123
Notions of sovereign state-rule and citizenship which rest on the twentieth century epistemology of state centrism define the ??right to have rights?? in terms of a national, unified category of state membership. In its association of citizenship with state sovereignty, the republican citizenship model in Turkey allows the state bureaucracy to act with key unitary agency in managing the relationship between religion and politics. In contesting the republican model on both religious and civil grounds, a notion of ??ethical?? citizenship has emerged based on the extension of rights and freedoms through citizen activism. This paper illustrates this process through a comparative analysis of the religiously inspired demand by female students to remove the headscarf ban and by Alevi individuals to remove the designation of Islam from national identification cards. 相似文献
799.
800.
When considering abolition of the criminal justice system, there is no greater or more impactful relevance than for juveniles that find themselves inextricably linked to the juvenile justice system. From its inception, the philosophical foundation of juvenile care was to provide individualized, compassionate assistance to young men and women perceived to be in need of emotional care and/or social control. With the establishment of the Cook County Juvenile Court in 1899, the American juvenile justice system has endured a 118-year odyssey that has produced progressively rational, largely unsympathetic, and increasingly punitive practices. With happenings such as the ‘school-to-prison pipeline’, ‘juvenile life without the possibility of parole’, ‘teen courts’, and ‘deferred prosecution probation’, current juveniles that make unassuming mistakes and errors in judgment are adjoined to a system that sustains and reinforces itself through these mistakes and errors. The charge of this article is to recommend the abolition of the contemporary juvenile justice system, with safeguards for the protection from serious offenders and a return to the compassionate care that is warranted for the majority of juveniles that currently bolster the system. 相似文献