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561.
562.
Abstract: The examination of skull sexual dimorphism has been the subject of numerous morphologic and craniometric studies, but the disadvantage of these studies is that they are dependent on the experience of the operator and involve subjectivity. In 1996, a team from Taiwan refined the methods enabling the sex of an individual to be determined using cephalometric plots made from lateral teleradiography. To validate their work using a European population, 114 dry skulls (59 men and 55 women) were examined. Cephalometric plots were made on lateral teleradiography with an orthodontic software and 18 cephalometric variables were analyzed. Sex was determined with 95.6% accuracy using the 18 variables discriminant function. A subset of eight variables was selected and could predict sex with the same accuracy. In conclusion, it can be said that skull-sexing methods using lateral teleradiography seem always suitable but the most indicative variables could differ relative to the ethnic population concerned. 相似文献
563.
564.
The article argues that Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela are political systems suffering from an acute deficit
of democratic authenticity, that is, a loss of substance in democratic processes. The deficit in democratic authenticity is
a product of malfunctions in the mechanisms of political linkage and multiple barriers that inhibit effective citizen participation
in public life. Rather than acceding to minimalist interpretations of democracy that deemphasize the importance, of active
citizen participation, the author stresses the importance of maintaining a rigorous normative definition of democracy as the
standard by which to assess the state of democractic political development.
Catherine M. Conaghan is a Queen’s National Scholar and professor of political studies at Queen’s University. She is the author
ofRestructuring Domination: Industrialists and the State in Ecuador (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988) and co-author ofUnsettling Scatecraft: Democracy and Neoliberalism in the Central Andes (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994). 相似文献
565.
Catherine Schmidt George Joffé Elisha Davar 《Cambridge Review of International Affairs》2005,18(1):151-172
Any attempt to analyse the phenomenon of political extremism must seek to explain why choices are sometimes made to articulate such views through violence. It is proposed that such a choice may have little to do with the specific ideology through which extremism is expressed but instead may reflect deeper psychological considerations. Investigations of persons who grew up in totalitarian systems suggest that the state may invade the psyche, interfering with the normal interplay of ego, superego and id. An explanation depending on the construction of a tripartite model of personal, non-personal and impersonal self was developed to explain the consequences of this process. It is proposed that such models may have a wider relevance and can be applied to the phenomenon of violence arising from contemporary political extremism. The advantage of such models is that they can be subjected to empirical investigation. 相似文献
566.
The purpose of this study is to explore how abuse experienced from a current partner and history of childhood abuse perpetrated
by a parent are related to trauma symptomalogy in a sample of 82 women adjudicated for Intimate Partner Violence related offenses.
Findings are mixed. Although a majority of the participants report some abuse from their partner and/or parent, both the degree
of this violence and the presence of trauma pathology are lower than expected. Additionally, correlations between the three
scales of partner abuse and the degree of posttraumatic sequelae are either low or did not meet significance. However, level
of childhood abuse perpetrated by a mother is highly correlated with traumatic sequelae while childhood abuse from father
is not. A number of reasons for these findings, which have implications for practice and future research, are discussed. 相似文献
567.
568.
569.
We present a game theoretic analysis of the prevention of noncompliance that deals with treaty violations whether they are intentional or not. Game theorists have developed probabilistic trigger schemes to handle such situations. We analyze dispute resolution procedures in subgame perfect trigger terms and suggest alternative designs for the handling of signatory breach. This paper shows that designs can be compared directly by evaluating their ability to keep signatories close to the cooperative goal in the long run. This criterion enables us to highlight the merits of generosity and redress for dispute resolution. Generosity avoids retaliation with certainty so that parties can settle before any retaliatory action is implemented. But if retaliation does come to pass, it is the cost to the victim of punishing the perpetrator that determines a design's value. Using a simple repeated prisoner's dilemma framework we find that, in most circumstances, a subgame perfect design that adds concern for the injured party's redress to the generosity built into a probabilistic trigger scheme yields better treaty value. 相似文献
570.
Catherine Dauvergne 《The Modern law review》2004,67(4):588-615
This article argues that in the present era of globalisation, control over the movement of people has become the last bastion of sovereignty. This is important both to theoretical accounts of globalisation and to policy decisions by governments. Nation states threatened with loss of control in other realms are implementing a variety of 'crackdown' measures in questions of immigration. Issues of refugee law, illegal migration and skilled migration each challenge sovereignty in specific ways. While international human rights standards have made few inroads in questions of migration, recent decisions in England and Australia suggest that the rule of law may be emerging as a counter to traditional executive free reign in matters of migration law. 相似文献