Development and Humanitarian Agencies Behind the Lines: Establishing Security in the Operational Space

It has been widely recognized that development and humanitarian agencies play a key role in post-conflict peace building. The anarchical and chaotic conditions of failing states are considered the sources of conflict. International military response is not enough to uproot the sources or to prevent conflict from reviving. In the long term, coordinated development and humanitarian program are required to help failing states reform their political institutions, improve security and judicial systems, promote social and economic development, and eradicate underlying socio-economic, cultural and humanitarian problems leading to the conflict. ① It is not equally recognized,however, that development and humanitarian agencies also contribute in the campaign by international military forces to establish a workable level of security in the operational space. In this essay, I examine three important roles that development and humanitarian agencies play in this regard, namely: mine action, Disarmament, Demobilization,Rehabilitation and Reintegration (DDRR) , and intelligence.     

加强中小企业的知识产权保护

改革开放以来，我国乡镇企业异军突起，发展迅速，到９０年代，不少乡镇企业已经发展成为掌握先进生产技术，生产一流工业产品的知名中小企业或大型现代化企业。中小企业在我国经济结构中有举足轻重的重要地位。现在我国已加入世界贸易组织。我国经济正在融入全球经济，同时也正在迎接国际企业对中国市场的冲击；我国政府也已确定了同时发展由技术创新驱动的重点大型企业和量大面广的中小企业的产业发展方针。在此形势下，回顾全球主要工业发达国家几百年的知识产权保护历史，以及国际经贸组织和知识产权组织大力推动发展中国家对中小企业实…     

非刑罚处罚司法适用情况调查与法理研究

非刑罚处罚措施在实践中极少被适用。由于我国《刑法》第37条规定的非刑罚处罚方法并不丰富，“犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚”、“可以根据案件的不同情况”等条件设置缺乏量化内容，导致非刑罚处罚的标准非常模糊。检察机关是非刑罚处罚刑事适用的当然主体。非刑罚处罚适用条件包括犯罪情节轻微性、刑罚处罚豁免性、非刑罚处罚必要性等三方面内容。非刑罚处罚适用范围应按照合法性原则界定，只有刑法规定应当或者可以免除刑罚的情形，才能予以适用。     

致病性沙门菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种灵敏、特异、快速地检测食品中致病性沙门菌的方法,针对沙门菌致病性菌株特有的invA基因设计引物,PCR扩增目的片段,构建重组质粒pMD19-T-inv285,将其作为标准品进行real-time PCR反应体系的优化和标准曲线的绘制,并进行灵敏度、特异性及稳定性检测;同时用该方法对90份肉品样品进行检测。结果显示,建立的致病性沙门菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的标准曲线方程为y=-3.397 1 x+27.313,相关系数r2=0.999 6。该方法的灵敏度为5×100copies/μL,是普通PCR(5×102 copies/μL)的100倍。对10种常见食源性细菌的检测结果均为阴性;组内和组间重复试验的变异系数均低于1%。对90份肉品样品的检出率(6/90,6.67%)显著高于快速MALDI-TOF-MS法和传统的细菌分离鉴定方法(均为3/90,3.33%)。结果表明,本试验建立的致病性沙门菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR灵敏度高,且特异、稳定,适用于食品中致病性沙门菌的快速检测。     

Party Building in Urban Business Districts: organizational adaptation of the Chinese Communist Party

In order to consolidate its membership basis and maintain its political leadership in the non-state sector of the economy, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been rebuilding its primary party organizations (PPOs) in China's urban business districts. Since residents' committees are either weak or do not exist in many urban business districts, local party authorities create umbrella party organizations to foster and territorially restructure PPOs. Four general models of establishing umbrella party organizations can be found, and the CCP has been building its ‘service-oriented PPOs’ to accommodate the needs of the business world. While such party building strategies demonstrate the resilience and adaptability of the CCP, they might also pose potential risks to the Party.     

瑞士养老保障制度及其特点

一、养老保障制度的历史与现状 瑞士社会保障体系的形成始于20世纪初.早在1912年起,瑞士就将养老保障议案递交议会审议,1925年养老保障写入宪法.从1948年开始建立基本养老保障金,其宗旨是保障老年人的最低生活需要,资金来自居民上交给国家的义务保险费.     

比较与借鉴：国外政府建构与非营利组织的合作模式

非营利组织作为社会治理的重要主体之一,在我国正蓬勃发展。本文对国外政府建构与非营利组织的合作模式中形成的较为通用和成熟的做法进行比较,从而发掘对我国政府建构与非营利组织合作模式有益的借鉴。     

一些新自由主义者如何影响改革一些主流经济学家如何误导改革

公共需求的全面快速增长与公共产品供应严重不足这个当前社会的主要矛盾,正是一些主流经济学家鼓吹的全盘市场化导致的。回顾改革历史,可知要按一些主流经济学家鼓吹的全盘市场化改革去反对“权贵资本主义”,去追求“好的法治的市场经济,只能是缘木求鱼。承认新自由主义的错误,承认市场万能论的错误,承认将市场机制泛化到一切领域的错误,并不等于要否定市场,更不等于要否定改革。人民群众拥护的改革,是走向共同富裕的改革,是要市场,不要市场化,要计划,不要计划化的改革,绝不是一些主流经济学家想象中的全面私有化、全盘市场化、两极分化、腐败化的改革。