A prospective analysis of sexual assault perpetration: risk factors related to perpetrator characteristics

This study prospectively evaluated perpetrator risk factors for sexual assault perpetration, including peer influences, beliefs and attitudes about sexuality, alcohol use, and token resistance. Perpetration of sexual assault was evaluated at three time periods: pretest, 3-month follow-up, and 7-month follow-up. Retrospective and prospective analyses yielded differential predictors of sexually aggressive behavior. However, perpetration of sexual assault at any particular assessment period was a predictor of perpetration during the subsequent follow-up period. Furthermore, several variables that have previously been demonstrated in the literature to be related to the perpetration of sexual assault were not significant in regression analyses, indicating that these variables may be rendered insignificant when accounting for past perpetration in prospective analyses. These findings may have significant potential impact on development of sexual assault prevention programming with men.     

Selection of twenty-four highly informative SNP markers for human identification and paternity analysis in Koreans

A number of DNA marker types suitable for human identification and parentage testing have been developed, of which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) merit attention as they are abundant, genetically stable, and amenable to high-throughput automated analysis. In this regard, 24 highly informative SNP markers representing each 22 autosome and both sex chromosomes were selected, and the allele and genotype frequencies of these SNPs were determined in a group composed of 30 unrelated Koreans. Based on frequency data from this group, the estimated probability of identity (P(I)) and probability of paternity exclusion (P(E)) with 22 autosomal SNP loci were 1.905x10(-10) and 98.9%, respectively. The SNPs in this study offer a small but highly accurate database that will be an essential reference for SNP-based forensic application in the future.     

The study of metabolite-to-parent drug ratios of methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine in hair

The metabolite-to-parent drug ratios were determined in the hair of 2444 methamphetamine (MA) abusers who had produced MA-positive hair results from 2001 to May 2005 and in the hair of 53 ecstasy abusers who had produced positive methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) hair results from 2002 to May 2005. For the hair analyses, hair strands were washed, cut into small pieces and extracted for 20 h in 1 mL methanol containing 1% HCl. Drugs in the extract were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The six range groups were divided as follows on the basis of MA concentrations in hair (n = 2389): 0.5-5 ng/mg (n = 950), 5-10 ng/mg (n = 582), 10-20 ng/mg (n = 503), 20-30 ng/mg (n = 160), 30-40 ng/mg (n = 80), more than 40 ng/mg (n = 114) to assess the correlations between MA concentrations and metabolite-to-parent drug ratios. In groups of higher MA concentrations, lower ratios of AP/MA were found, and there was a statistically significant difference among six range groups. Comparisons of age groups (tens, twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, and sixties) and male and female subjects for the ratios of AP/MA showed a statistically significant difference. The detection of metabolites and the parent drug with reasonable ratios was found to be a useful indicator for distinguishing internal drug incorporation from external contamination. In our study, MA users can produce 0.4-116% (mean = 9%) of amphetamine (AP) concentrations in hair, and ecstasy users 1-110% (mean = 12%) of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in appropriately washed hair samples.     

一些新自由主义者如何影响改革一些主流经济学家如何误导改革

公共需求的全面快速增长与公共产品供应严重不足这个当前社会的主要矛盾,正是一些主流经济学家鼓吹的全盘市场化导致的。回顾改革历史,可知要按一些主流经济学家鼓吹的全盘市场化改革去反对“权贵资本主义”,去追求“好的法治的市场经济,只能是缘木求鱼。承认新自由主义的错误,承认市场万能论的错误,承认将市场机制泛化到一切领域的错误,并不等于要否定市场,更不等于要否定改革。人民群众拥护的改革,是走向共同富裕的改革,是要市场,不要市场化,要计划,不要计划化的改革,绝不是一些主流经济学家想象中的全面私有化、全盘市场化、两极分化、腐败化的改革。     

作家的创作个性正在湮没

当下,文学创作繁荣的风景不再,文学甚至面临着被边缘化的危险;同时,各种各样的文学事件却层出不穷,成了媒体时代不大不小的风景。如何评价当下的文学创作?如何看待文学与当下生活的关系?信息化时代文学存在的价值或独特的魅力何在?在近日上海大学举办的首届文学周活动中,张炜、韩少功、莫言、曹征路等4位著名作家就上述问题,发表了精彩的演讲,现摘录其中精华部分,刊登出来,以飨读者。     

论行政信息的主动公开制度

主动公开是与被动公开相对的一种公开方式 ,它在各国行政公开制度中均占有重要位置。我国目前实行的行政信息公开制度主要是主动公开。公开信息已经演变成政府的一项新职能 ,因此 ,首先必须由相关的机构和人员来履行这一职责 ;其次 ,完善主动公开的保障制度 ;再次 ,建立人大的监督保障制度