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181.
Jackson JO 《Time》1993,142(20):65
The discovery of HIV-tainted plasma in Germany raises alarm about the ability to ensure safe supplies worldwide. 相似文献
182.
This article presents a statistical model of the survey responsethat includes both a measure of the respondent's likely trueattitude and a measure of the probability that the respondentis uncertain about her or his attitude and is "guessing" ata response. This latter possibility introduces systematic measurementerror that may bias efforts to get unbiased estimates of attitudes.The model and the likely consequences of guessing are illustratedwith questions about Vietnam policy taken from the 1968, 1970,and 1972 National Election Studies (NES) surveys. The articleends with a discussion of the limitations and fragility of themodel. 相似文献
183.
Nicola Jackson 《The Modern law review》2006,69(2):214-241
Beneficial interests under a trust were not intended to be overriding interests under section 70(1)(g) of the Land Registration Act 1925. The position was altered by Williams & Glyn's Bank Ltd v Boland , which determined that an interest under a trust for sale would bind a purchaser if the beneficiary were in actual occupation. The decision raised the question whether such interests could be overreached once the beneficiary was in occupation of the trust property. City of London Building Society v Flegg held that the relevant beneficial interest had been overreached. Both decisions assume that overreaching in registered conveyancing takes effect as it does in unregistered land. Yet there is considerable evidence that the Land Registration Act contains its own overreaching machinery. The House of Lords applied the wrong overreaching provisions in Boland and Flegg and there is no legal basis on which to recognise that trust interests can override a subsequent disposition under section 70(1)(g). 相似文献
184.
Recent transitions from authoritarianism to democracy have been front‐page news. Often attention to such transitions has focused on efforts to create and sustain democratic elections and to guarantee open political competition between parties that are committed to majority rule. However, equally important in such transitions is the implementation of the rule of law. This article examines the efforts of one country, El Salvador, to re‐establish the rule of law as part of its passage to liberal democracy. The efforts to implement the Salvadoran peace accords that were signed in January 1992 provide the focus. The United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) was created to monitor compliance. One important consequence of the accords was the effort to achieve broad reform of the justice system. Salvador's progress here is evaluated both in respect of the degree of compliance with the accords, and, more importantly, in establishing an independent judiciary that will be capable of protecting human rights. Salvador's reforms are compared with other efforts to re‐establish the rule of law in some formerly authoritarian regimes. 相似文献
185.
Jonathan Jackson 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2013,19(4):365-390
Abstract This paper examines vulnerability and risk perception in the fear of crime. Past studies have often treated gender and age as proxies for vulnerability, and on the few occasions that vulnerability has been operationalized, there has been little agreement on the mechanisms that underpin perceived susceptibility. To develop a more theoretically-driven approach, the current study examines whether markers of vulnerability are associated with higher levels of fear through mediating assessments of likelihood, control and consequence. Females are found to worry more frequently than males partly because (a) they feel less able to physically defend themselves, (b) they have lower perceived self-efficacy, (c) they have higher perceived negative impact, and (d) they see the likelihood of victimization as higher for themselves and for their social group. Younger people are also found to worry more frequently than older people, but differential vulnerability does not explain this association. Finally, structural equation modelling shows that the effects on worry of physical defence capabilities, self-efficacy and perceived consequence are mostly mediated through judgements of absolute and relative risk. Conclusions focus on the implications of this finding for debates about the rationality of the fear of crime. 相似文献
186.
The Statute of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon contains severalremarkable innovations. One major novelty is its mandate. Whileits subject matter jurisdiction includes terrorism, this isdefined solely on the basis of Lebanese law. It does not coverany international crime, but exclusively offences defined underthe Lebanese Penal Code. Unusually for a court of internationalcharacter, its activities could be limited to a single case:the attack of 14 February 2005 which killed Rafiq Hariri and22 others; the Special Tribunal will try other cases only ifthey are found to be connected to this attack. As its jurisdictionmirrors the mandate of the UN International Independent InvestigationCommission, the Statute of the Special Tribunal contains originalprovisions regulating its relationship with this body, as wellas with the Lebanese judicial authorities, which enjoy concurrentcompetence. Other important innovations concern the applicableprocedural law, which includes provisions concerning a pre-trialjudge, the role of the judges in conducting the hearings, theparticipation of victims in proceedings, and the possibilityof holding trials in absentia. These latter aspects are allcharacteristic of Romano Germanic criminal systems, and reflectthe intention of the drafters to draw up a more efficient internationalcriminal procedure. 相似文献
187.
Richard Jackson 《Political Studies Review》2009,7(2):171-184
Terrorism studies is one of the fastest-growing areas of social scientific research in the English-speaking world. This article examines some of the main challenges, problems and future developments facing the wider terrorism studies field through a review of seven recently published books. It argues that while a great deal of the current research is characterised by a persistent set of weaknesses, an increasing number of theoretically rigorous and critically oriented studies that challenge established views suggest genuine reasons for optimism about the future of terrorism research. 相似文献
188.
Whitehead Brian; Jackson Stuart; Kempner Richard 《Jnl of Intellectual Property Law & Pract》2006,1(5):332-337
Legal context. This article considers the UK Courts' approachto patent construction since the House of Lords' decision inKirin-Amgen Inc v Hoechst Marion Roussel Limited, which washanded down in October 2004, and seeks to examine whether theUK Courts' construction of patents is wider or narrower thanpreviously. Key points. The available data appear to suggest that thereis little difference in outcome, whether the old Improver testis applied or the new Kirin-Amgen test; of more significanceremains the nature of the wording of the patent claims themselvesand the correct identification by the trial judge of the inventionunderlying the patent. Practical significance. By eschewing a literal approach andrefining the test used in order to ensure both compliance withthe EPC and consistency with courts in other European countries,the UK Courts continue to provide an attractive forum for resolutionof patent disputes. 相似文献
189.
Ben Jackson 《Political Studies Review》2005,3(3):356-373
Social justice is a crucial ideal in contemporary political thought. Yet the concept of social justice is a recent addition to our political vocabulary, and comparatively little is known about its introduction into political debate or its early theoretical trajectory. Some important research has begun to address this issue, adding a valuable historical perspective to present-day controversies about the concept. This article uses this literature to examine two questions. First, how does the modern idea of social justice differ from previous conceptualisations of justice? Second, why and when did social justice first emerge into political discourse? 相似文献
190.
Ian Jackson 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2000,11(3):113-138
This article examines the Eisenhower administration's trade policy towards the Soviet Union in 1953-54. It argues, contrary to previous scholarship on the subject, that the liberalization of East-West trade controls in August 1954 cannot be attributed solely to the presidential leadership of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Instead, whilst Eisenhower played a significant role in changing American embargo policy, it was the Churchill government which provided the impetus required for the revision of the international export control lists. Despite conflict and confrontation over the shape and contents of the new embargo between Washington and London, the two governments forged a compromise in the summer of 1954. 相似文献