电子政务视角下的政策失败防控

公共政策是政府进行公共事务管理的主要手段和方式，任何社会的经济繁荣、政治发展和社会进步，均离不开一定的合理的公共政策的指导和调控。不过，政策运行并不总是成功的，政策失败会带来一些不利的影响。而电子政务的实施为政府构筑了管理和服务的新平台，为政府防控政策失败提供了重要手段。     

我国公共管理研究方法的统计分析及演进路径研究

缺乏规范的、严谨的研究方法,已成为制约我国公共管理学术研究质量的提升和学科进一步发展的瓶颈。本文从公共管理学恢复重建、萌芽和成长三个阶段各随机抽取了300篇(实际选取共858篇)学术论文作为研究对象,对我国公共管理学研究方法进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,我国公共管理学研究方法经历了从演绎到归纳、从理论到实证、从定性到定量,研究规范性从不规范到逐步规范,数据分析方法从简单到复杂,统计变量从单元到多元,统计手段从手工到信息化的演进过程。公共管理研究者能力的提升、研究数据可获得性提高、研究主题的深化、学术交流的增多和研究信息化水平的提高是公共管理研究方法演进的重要原因。     

做一个受人尊重的律师

律师制度恢复30年来，整个律师行业飞速发展，取得了巨大成就。令人遗憾的是，律师的受尊重程度却在下降。本文在分析律师受尊重程度下降的主客观原因的同时，提出改善措施。     

Name Recognition and Candidate Support

The mass media devote a great deal of attention to high‐profile elections, but in American political life such elections are the exception, not the rule. The majority of electoral contests feature candidates who are relative unknowns. In such situations, does name recognition breed contempt, indifference, or affection? Existing work presents modest theory and mixed evidence. Using three laboratory experiments, we provide conclusive evidence that name recognition can affect candidate support, and we offer strong evidence that a key mechanism underlying this relationship is inferences about candidate viability. We further show that the name‐recognition effect dissipates in the face of a more germane cue, incumbency. We conclude with a field study that demonstrates the robustness of the name‐recognition effect to a real‐world political context, that of yard signs and a county election.     

School Vouchers and Student Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Washington,DC

School vouchers are the most contentious form of parental school choice. Vouchers provide government funds that parents can use to send their children to private schools of their choice. Here we examine the empirical question of whether or not a school voucher program in Washington, DC, affected achievement or the rate of high school graduation for participating students. The District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program (OSP) has operated in the nation's capital since 2004, funded by a federal government appropriation. Because the program was oversubscribed in its early years of operation, and vouchers were awarded by lottery, we were able to use the “gold standard” evaluation method of a randomized experiment to determine what impacts the OSP had on student outcomes. Our analysis revealed compelling evidence that the DC voucher program had a positive impact on high school graduation rates, suggestive evidence that the program increased reading achievement, and no evidence that it affected math achievement. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of recent policy developments including the reauthorization of the OSP and the enactment or expansion of more than a dozen school voucher or voucher‐type programs throughout the United States in 2011 and 2012.     

A Case Study on the Settlement of Rural Women affected by Land Requisitioning in China

Urbanization is an apparent and important dimension of modernization in China. One of the main problems in China's urbanization process is the migration of farmers from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and the concurrent conversion of agricultural lands to non-agricultural usage. According to current practice, the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural use is carried out by the state through land requisitioning. In the past ten years, China's urbanization in the name of ‘economic development zones’ has resulted in extensive requisitioning of agricultural land. Millions of villagers have lost their land and left farming, seeking new employment in non-agricultural activities to sustain them. This study investigates the impact of land requisitioning on rural women's living, focusing on women's employment, training and settlement.

The study did not find evidence of discrimination against women in land requisitioning and settlement arrangements with regard to both the policy design and implementation. However, rural women are disadvantaged in attending education and training as compared with men even before land requisitioning. After their land is requisitioned, women also participate less in education and training, have a lower rate of success in finding jobs and are less likely to be self-employed than men. This has some negative impacts on their livelihoods. One policy implication of this study is: on the basis of relatively full compensation, the government should set up or entrust a special agency to promote skills training of the affected rural women, assist them with employment guidance and relevant information, and enhance their competitiveness in the job market.     

Risk Attitudes and Political Participation

This article contributes to existing explanations of political participation by proposing that citizens’ attitudes towards risk predict participation. I argue that people who are risk accepting participate in political life because politics offers novelty and excitement. Analyses of two independent Internet surveys establish a positive, significant relationship between risk attitudes and general political participation. The analyses also suggest that the relationship between risk attitudes and action varies with the political act: people who are more risk accepting are more likely to participate in general political acts, but they are no more or less likely to turn out in elections. Further analyses suggest that two key mechanisms—novelty seeking and excitement seeking—underlie the relationship between risk attitudes and political participation.     

Family‐Centered Practice in Florida: Family Court Actions and Perceptions

Family and dependency courts can become valuable partners in efforts to stem the tide of child maltreatment using a family‐centered strategy. Florida's response to a 2008 federal Child and Family Services Review included a commitment to implement family‐centered practice in child protection services and the courts that hear these cases. Evidence of this implementation was documented in a formative evaluation conducted in 2010 and 2011. Findings based on interviews with dependency judges, Children's Legal Services attorneys, and Guardian ad Litem volunteers provide useful insights on how these practices were perceived and implemented.     

焦磷酸测序分析短片段牙釉质蛋白基因进行性别鉴定

目的采用焦磷酸测序技术分析短片段牙釉质蛋白基因进行性别鉴定并用于骨骼及腐败生物检材的检测。方法应用blast软件,确定牙釉质蛋白基因(Amel)上1段含有3个SNP位点及1个插入/缺失(indel)位点的序列作为待测靶序列,设计引物,扩增该段序列,应用焦磷酸测序技术分析扩增序列,进行性别鉴定。对方法进行准确性、灵敏度、种属特异性的测试,并用于对骨骼和高度降解DNA的检测。结果 PCR产物分别为44bp(Amel X)和45bp(Amel Y),女性测序结果为:G/G,T/T,…/…,C/C,男性测序结果为:G/T,T/A,…/C,C/A,分型图谱清晰。应用本文方法检测100份已知性别的DNA样本,结果均正确无误,方法最低DNA模板量为0.5ng,具有较好的人类种属特异性。用于高度降解DNA分析,较IdentifilerTM试剂盒具有更高的成功率且骨骼样本也得到清晰的分型结果。结论本文采用焦磷酸测序技术分析Amel的方法在法医学性别鉴定中有较好的应用价值。