我国《物权法》的商事适用性

本文从相对宏观的视角讨论了我国物权法的商事适用性:首先,确定物权法商事适用性的标准,从诸多商法价值理念中挑选出与物权法相关性较强的三个价值,即交易安全、商事交易多样性和商事便捷;接着,挑选出现行物权法中的典型制度,结合大陆法系国家民商事立法,对其立法理念、价值和功能进行分析和梳理,探究各自在实现民法价值之外能否体现较强的商事适用性;最后,对物权法的商事功能从立法和效用角度作一个整体的评述,并对本文开头民商事立法模式的介绍作一个有限的回应,以期对于理清现行民商法律规范之间的关系有所裨益。     

燃煤污染型氟中毒病区儿童智力调查及法医学意义

目的探讨燃煤污染型氟中毒病区8～12岁儿童智力水平及其与染氟量之间的关系,为慢性氟中毒致中枢神经损伤的相关研究提供人群数据资料,为氟病区人群智力残疾鉴定提供修正参考值。方法采用《中国修订韦氏学龄期儿童智力量表(WISC-CR)》测试99名8～12岁小学生(包括氟斑牙组55人,对照组44人)的智力水平,比较氟斑牙组与对照组儿童智力水平差异,并对染氟儿童智力水平与染氟量之间的相关性进行分析。结果氟斑牙组的言语智商(85.64±16.53)、操作智商(94.87±12.73)、总智商(88.51±12.77)均低于对照组(言语智商94.34±16.04、操作智商99.23±12.44、总智商96.64±11.70),其中,两组的言语智商和总智商差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.01)。氟斑牙组与对照组的言语智商中各项分测验均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。操作智商中各项分测验除积木测验和译码检测外,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论燃煤污染型氟中毒儿童可出现智力损害,对言语智力的损伤较为明显;对患儿进行智力残疾鉴定时,应考虑修正智力评测的结果。     

Cry,the imagined country: Legitimacy and the fate of Macedonia

Whether or not the future Europe will be characterized as one of constant security dilemmas or a place of integrating security identities may well be linked to the fate of Macedonia. Indeed, Macedonia's survival will depend on ‘external’ forces.1 Yet, to date, the limited responses and commitments on the part of external parties have not been entirely promising. Unlike many other analyses that have focused on the Balkans, and former Yugoslavia in particular, and argued that the causes for conflict and disintegration are markedly similar, we suggest that Macedonia's problems are unique. It remains a too common and crucial mistake to assume that the root causes for disintegration that have plagued Serbia, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia‐Herzegovina and Macedonia since 1991 are all linked to a few centrally identifiable factors. And, with the exception of attempting to lessen the disparate economic geographies that continue to spell promise or peril for the entire region, the root solutions for Southeast Europe will prove problematic, and at times seem overwhelming, but will not prove ultimately impossible. However small, a window of opportunity still exists in Southeast Europe.     

Developing a Tripartite Prevention Program for Impoverished Young Women Transitioning to Young Adulthood: Addressing Substance Use,HIV Risk,and Victimization by Intimate Partners

Little is known about the transition to adulthood for adolescent females and young women who are impoverished and homeless. Co-occurrence of drug use and abuse, HIV risk, and victimization is notable among homeless women, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions. Unfortunately, evidence-based prevention approaches addressing these inter-related problems among impoverished women transitioning into adulthood are lacking. To address this gap, we designed an innovative prevention program by utilizing open- and closed-ended interview data from impoverished women (n = 20), focus groups with community experts and providers (2 groups; n = 9), and a theoretical framework to direct the research. Information provided by our focus groups and interviews with women supported our theoretical framework and highlighted the importance of addressing normative information, providing skills training, and utilizing a non-confrontational approach when discussing these sensitive issues.     

Risk Attitudes and the Incumbency Advantage

Explanations for the incumbency advantage in American elections have typically pointed to the institutional advantages that incumbents enjoy over challengers but overlook the role of individual traits that reinforce this bias. The institutional advantages enjoyed by incumbents give voters more certainty about who incumbents are and what they might do when (and if) they assume office. We argue that these institutional advantages make incumbents particularly attractive to risk-averse individuals, who shy away from uncertainty and embrace choices that provide more certainty. Using data from 2008 and 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we show that citizens who are more risk averse are more likely to support incumbent candidates, while citizens who are more risk accepting are more likely to vote for challengers. The foundations of the incumbency advantage, we find, lie not only in the institutional perks of office but also in the individual minds of voters.     

论“出资”“股份”“股权”及“股东资格”间的法律关系——以有限责任公司为论述基点

在公司法的理论和实务中,出资、股份、股权、股东或股东资格的概念被频繁、广泛地使用着。出资、股份、股东资格、股权均有其特定的含义,且彼此间存在着内在的逻辑关系。本文认为出资只是取得股份的一种方式,取得股份才取得股东资格,而只有在取得股东资格的前提下,才享有股权,其彼此间是一种层层递进的逻辑关系。     

首届全国科技法学和科技法制理论讨论会在北京大学举行

<正> 首届全国科技法学和科技法制建设理论讨论会于1990年5月28日至30日在北京大学举行。这次讨论会是由北京大学科技法研究中心主持召开的。国务院法制局局长孙琬钟同志、国家科委、全国人大常委会法工委,北京市科委等国家机关的负责同志,以及北大法律系、社科院法学研究所、中国政法大学科技法研究室、中国人民大学法律系、西安交大技术经济法律研究中心、成都科技大学科技经济法研究所、哈尔滨工业大学,烟台大学法律系、宁波大学法律系、海南大学、北京市新技术产业开发实验区、北京市专利科技律师事务所等单位的40多名专家、学者参加了这次讨论会。