TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN IN SUPERVISED VISITATION

This article reviews the range of trauma experienced by many children in supervised visitation services and describes common themes in the development of their personalities from clinical and research findings. It then proposes a series of ways to structure supervised access services in order to help children feel psychologically safe in the relationship with the visited parent.     

The Geography of Insurgent Organization and its Consequences for Civil Wars: Evidence from Liberia and Sierra Leone

This article investigates the determinants of armed group organization and the downstream effects of organization on civil wars. It demonstrates that the interaction between geographical and technological factors influences the types of hierarchical organizations that armed groups develop. It then argues that variations in the types of hierarchies developed by armed groups have important consequences for principal-agent relations, which in turn affect groups' overall level of military effectiveness. Using evidence from field research conducted in Liberia and Sierra Leone, the model's plausibility is examined in comparative case studies of four armed groups that fought in those countries from 1989–2003.     

How do I vote the scoundrels out? Why voters might not punish corrupt politicians at the polls

While we frequently hope electoral democracy can serve as an important constraint on corruption, there are good reasons to think that such might not be the case. This paper analyzes two closely-related questions: should we expect voters to punish corrupt politicians or parties at the polls, and should we expect such influences to check corruption generally? While there have been clear-cut cases in which such punishments have been massive and decisive, they are much the exception. Indeed, a variety of factors having to do with corruption as a concept and as a political issue, the nature of competitive electoral politics, and more recent economic and political trends reshaping important aspects of liberal democracy, all point toward a pessimistic assessment. Ideas for changing that state of affairs are few, because the difficulties reside less at the level of fixable “problems” and more with the inherent workings of liberal political and economic systems. Efforts to improve the quality of news coverage and civic education, however, and any prospects for strengthening and deepening civil society, may hold out some hope for the longer term.     

A description of Gilan and Baku in 1874

General

Great Britain and the Origins of the Pacific War: A Study of British Policy in East Asia 1937–1941. By Peter Lowe. Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1977. Pp. 318. Bibliog. Index. Appendices. £8.50.

Middle East

The Arabs. By Peter Mansfield. Allen Lane (Penguin Books Ltd.), London, 1976. Pp. 570. Index. £8.50.

The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. By Lord Kinross. Jonathan Cape, London 1977. Pp. 638. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £10.00.

Iran: An Economic Profile. By Jahangir Amuzegar. The Middle East Institute. Washington, D.C., 1977. Pp. 280. Bibliog. Index. $12.95.

Arabic and Islamic Garland: Historical, Educational and Literary Studies. Presented to Abdul‐Latif Tibawi by Colleagues, Friends and Students. The Islamic Cultural Centre, London. Pp. 239. Biog. Bibliog. £8.00.

The World of Islam: A Handbook for Teachers. By Richard Tames. Published by the Extramural Division, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1977. Pp. 229. Pref. Appendices. £2.00.

Diary of a Journey across Arabia. By G. Forster Sadleir. Falcon Press, Naples, Italy. Oleander Press, New York and Cambridge, England 1977. Pp. 161. Map. £8.00. Text taken from the original edition compiled by M. Houghton from the records of the Bombay Government and printed at the Byculla Press, Bombay, in 1866. The present reprint is preceded by a biographical note, pp. 16, by F. M. Edwards, taken from the Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society Vol. 44 (1957) by permission of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs.

South Asia

The Indian Political Parties: An Historical Analysis of Political Behaviour up to 1947. By B. B. Misra. Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Oxford University Press, 1976, London, 1977. Pp. 665. Bibliog. Index. £11.50.

Gandhi and Civil Disobedience: The Mahatma in Indian Politics 1928–34. By Judith M. Brown. Cambridge University Press 1977. Pp. xix + 414. £15.50.

Documents on Political Thought in Modern India: Vol. II. By A. Appadorai. Oxford University Press, Bom bay 1976, New York, London, 1977. Pp. 892. Index. £14.00.

Development Planning in Bangladesh. A Study in Political Economy. By Nurul Islam. C. Hurst and Company, London 1977. Pp. 267. Preface. Introd. Index. £8.50.

My Years in an Indian Prison. By Mary Tyler. London, Victor Gollancz, 1977. Pp. 191. Illus. £5.20.

The Raj, the Indian Mutiny and the Kingdom of Oudh, 1801–1859. By John Pemble. London, The Harvester Press Ltd. 1977. Pp. 303. Index. Bibliog. Illus. £10.95.

The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology. By Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press, 1977. Pp. 411. Bibliog. Index. £11.25.

Indian Asia. By Philip Rawson. Elsevier‐Phaidon Press, 1977. Pp. 152. Illus. Gloss. Index. £4.50.

A New History of India. By Stanley Wolpert. London, Oxford University Press, 1977. Pp. 471. Maps. Preface. Bibliog. Index. £9.75.

Old Bungalows in Bangalore, South India. By Janet Pott in collaboration with Elizabeth Staley and Romola Chatterjee. Published by the author and available from 56 Addison Avenue, London W.11, 1977. Pp. 72. 85 photographs and illustrations. Measured drawings by John Sambrook. £3.50.

The Road to India. Guide to the Overland Routes to the East. By John Prendergast. John Murray, London, 1977. Pp. 206. Index. Map. £5.95.

India. By James Elliott. Batsford, London, 1977. Pp. 238. Map. Bibliog. Index. Illus. £4.95.

USSR

The Kingdom of Georgia. Notes of Travel in a Land of Women, Wine and Song. To which are appended Historical, Literary, and Political Sketches, Specimens of the National Music and a Compendious Bibliography. By Oliver Wardrop. London, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington. 1888. Reprinted 1977. London, Luzac. Pp. 202. Bibliog. Map. Illus. £8.50.

Central Asia

Great Britain and Chinese, Russian and Japanese Interests in Sinkiang, 1918–1934. By Lars‐Erik Nyman. Lund Studies in International History, 8. Esselte Studium Stockholm, 1977, Pp. 165. Maps. No price given.

Afghanistan. By Louis Dupree. Princeton University Press, 1973. Pp. xxiv + 760. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £19.95.

South‐east Asia

Southeast Asia and China ‐ the End of Containment. By Edwin W. Martin. Boulder, Colorado (Westview Press for Center for International Studies, Georgetown University), 1977. Pp. 114. Map. Introd. Appendix. Notes. $11.25.

Southeast Asia in International Politics, 1941–1956. By Evelyn Colbert. Ithaca &; London, Cornell University Press, 1977. Pp. 372. Introd. Bibliog. Index. £13.15.

Power Struggle in South‐East Asia. By Oey Hong Lee. Inter Documentation Company Ag., Zug, Switzerland, and London, 1976. Pp. 614. Bibliog. Index. Documentary appendices on microfiche. S.fr. 128.

The Huk Rebellion: A Study of Peasant Revolt in the Philippines. By Benedict J. Kerkvliet. Berkeley and London, University of California Press, 1977. Pp. 305. Tables and Maps. Preface. Gloss. Bibliog. Index. £12.00.

The District. A Study in Decentralization in West Malaysia. By J. H. Beaglehole. London, Oxford University Press, 1976. Hull Monographs on South‐East Asia 6. Pp. 117. Map. Bibliog. Index. £3.00 (soft cover).

Indonesia. By Donald W. Fryer and James C. Jackson. “Nations of the Modern World” series. Ernest Benn Ltd. London, and Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1977. Pp. 284. Glossary. Bibliog. Illus. Index. $24.

Far east

China and the World since 1949. The impact of Independence, Modernity and Revolution. By Wang Gungwu. London and Basingstoke, Macmillan Press, 1977. Pp. 190. Preface. Introd. Notes. Bibliog. £5.95 (cloth) £2.95 (paper).

Mao Tse‐tung in the Scales of History. Edited by Dick Wilson. London, Cambridge University Press for the Contemporary China Institute Publications, 1977. Pp. xii + 331. £10.50 (hardback) £3.50 (paper).

A Memoir of Revolutionary China 1924–1941. By Ruth V. Hemenway. The University of Massachusetts Press, 1977. Pp. 216. Illus. Introd. Notes. $12.50.

Japan in the Muromachi Age. Edited by John W. Hall and Toyoda (Takeshi). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1977. Pp. xviii + 358. Gloss. Index. Illus. Maps. £13.15 (cloth). £3.70 (paper).

Yukio Mishima on Hagakure: The Samurai Ethic in Modern Japan. Translated by Katharine Sparling. Souvenir Press, London 1977 (first published Basic Books, New York, 1977). Illus. Pp. 166. £4.95.     

The Role of Legitimizing Ideologies as Predictors of Ambivalent Sexism in Young People: Evidence from Italy and the USA

The studies presented here focus on the relationship between legitimizing ideologies and ambivalent sexism. 544 Italian students (Study 1) and 297 US students (Study 2) completed several scales: social dominance orientation (SDO), system justification (SJ), political orientation, religiosity, and the Glick and Fiske (J Pers Soc Psychol 70(3):491–512, 1996) Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Zero-order correlations revealed all facets of ideological attitudes to be positively related to each other and correlated with ambivalent sexism. In particular, the SDO was related to both ideology components of SJ and political orientation and to ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent). Moderated regressions revealed that SDO has a positive impact on hostile sexism for men only, while SJ has a positive impact on hostile sexism for women only. While the first result was stable across the two studies, the last moderated effect has been detected only in Study 1. We discuss the results with respect to different facets of social ideologies and cultural differences between the two countries.     

Cyberstalking versus off-line stalking in a forensic sample

There is relatively little empirical research into cyberstalking and most published research reports data from samples of cyberstalking victims. The current study aimed to fill a gap in the literature by comparing 36 cyberstalking offenders with an age and gender matched sample of 36 off-line stalkers (average age 37 years, 94% male) to investigate differences in demographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics. Non-parametric analyses showed few between-group differences, although cyberstalkers were more likely to be ex-intimate partners (75% vs. 47%, χ² = 5.84, p = .02, φ = .28) and less likely to approach their victims (56% vs. 78%, χ² = 4.00, p = .05, φ = ?.24). The majority of cyberstalkers also used off-line stalking tactics. Examination of specific cyberstalking behaviours suggested that cyberstalkers with different motivations used the Internet in distinct ways. These results support broad conclusions from previous research indicating that there are relatively few differences between cyberstalkers and off-line stalkers. Once the motivation of the stalker is considered, treatment and management strategies for cyberstalking and off-line stalking are likely to be similar.     

Differential adoption of modern rice technology and regional wage differential in Nepal

In Nepal, which consists of ecologically distinct regions, the concentration of the adoption of modern rice varieties in the favourable rice growing areas of the country has raised fears that regional income disparities have widened. This study shows that greater demand for hired labour due to the adoption of modern rice varieties has induced permanent and seasonal migration from unfavourable to favourable areas. This appears to have largely equalised average wage rates across different production environments. Thus, as far as labour income is concerned, benefits from the modern varieties have been widely shared.     

Transparency and Political Budget Cycles at municipal level

We analyze the effect of municipal financial transparency on the magnitude of political budget cycles. Our sample covers the Spanish largest municipalities in the period 1999‐2009. While the impact of transparency on the electoral cycle has been studied at the international and regional level, there is no empirical evidence of its effect at the local level. Using the financial transparency index made by Transparency International Spain, we show that municipalities with lower levels of financial transparency present an electoral cycle in total spending, whereas such an electoral impact on total spending does not appear in high transparent municipalities. Furthermore, the magnitude of cycles in capital spending and taxes does not vary among low‐transparency municipalities and high‐transparency municipalities.