Comparison of bulk and compound-specific δ13C isotope ratio analyses for the discrimination between cannabis samples

Five marijuana samples were compared using bulk isotope analysis compound-specific isotope ratio analysis of the extracted cannabinoids. Owing to the age of our cannabis samples, four of the five samples were compared using the isotope ratios of cannabinol (CBN), a stable degradation product of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Bulk δ(13)C isotope analysis discriminated between all five samples at the 95% confidence level. Compound-specific δ(13)C isotope analysis could not distinguish between one pair of the five samples at the 95% confidence level. All the measured cannabinoids showed significant depletion in (13)C relative to bulk isotope values; the isotope ratios for THC, CBN, and cannabidiol were on average 1.6‰, 1.7‰, and 2.2‰ more negative than the bulk values, respectively. A more detailed investigation needs to be conducted to assess the degree fractionation between the different cannabinoids, especially after aging.     

A molecular genetic approach for species identification of mammals and sex determination of birds in a forensic case of poaching from South Korea

DNA-based analysis was performed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of five mammalian specimens and Chromo-Helicase-DNA-binding (CHD) genes of five pheasants to determine whether specimens were from illegally hunted animals. Mammalian specimens were identified as being those of horse, roe deer, and cow through gene amplification using cytb981f and cytb981r primer set and sequencing. CHD genes were revealed to be those of three male and two female pheasants through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Because hunting of roe deers and female pheasants is prohibited in Korea, these results provided forensic evidences of illegal wild animal hunting.     

WELFARE STANDARDS, SUBSTANTIVE TESTS, AND EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATIONS IN MERGER POLICY: DEFINING THE EFFICIENCY DEFENSE

For several years already, the efficiency defense (and its incorporationin the law) has been a much debated issue in merger policy.When discussing the introduction of an efficiency defense inmerger control, it is important to define clearly its contentand interpretation. However, different approaches to the conceptof efficiency defense exist in the literature, and it is notalways clear which jurisdictions apply an efficiency defense.Therefore, to improve communication and comparison between jurisdictions,it would be useful to reach agreement on the exact content ofan efficiency defense. This paper proposes to define the efficiencydefense along two dimensions: a conceptual one—relatedto the welfare standard—and a procedural one—relatedto the application of the substantive test. The main conclusionof this paper is that the concept of efficiency defense canonly be appropriately applied under a total welfare standardand if efficiencies can be directly balanced against the anticompetitiveeffects of mergers on a case-by-case basis. Using this definition,only in Canada and Australia (formal review process) would anefficiency defense exist.     

One Year On

正A year after taking office,the Trump presidency is struggling to operate at home and abroad ‘Our new administration had already taken swift action.A new tide of optimism was already sweeping across our land,"U.S.President Donald Trump announced     

Under the Global Spotlight

<正>Donald Trump’s visit bodes well for China-U.S.relations After Chinese President Xi Jinping engaged with his U.S.counterpart,Donald Trump,in deep and friendly exchanges at the Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida in April,Trump is paying a state visit to China from November 8to 10.The visit is the result of active political and diplomatic interactions between the two major     

ACCOMPLISHMENT,FUTURE GUIDE

<正>China and U.S.continue to make headway based on historic pact On February 28,45 years ago,after months of negotiations,China and the United States issued a joint communiquéin Shanghai,which signaled the beginning of normalizing relations.The document,commonly known as     

对社区警务战略发展的再思考——“甘蒙8.05系列强奸杀人案”侦破的启示

2016年8月,甘肃省白银市连环杀人案告破。这一被称为"中国十大悬案"之一的连环杀人案,经DNA-Y染色体检验、指纹比对、DNA比对等刑事科学技术的发展锁定犯罪嫌疑人。案件虽已告破,但留给人们的治安学思考却仍在继续。在案件侦察过程中所采取的指纹录入、抽血验DNA等排查工作曾一度使案件陷入大海捞针的境地,不少媒体对民警多年来采取的区域治安管控特别是社区警务工作存在质疑。这阻碍了人们对社区警务工作的认识,更不利于揭示其中所蕴含的治安学研究价值。案件也从某些方面揭示出了我国社区警务工作存在的城乡发展不平衡、民警责任区划分不到位、群众参与度低等问题。因此,应重视社区警务工作在刑事侦查中的作用,深化社区警务工作改革与建设,提升公安机关"造血"功能,增强社区治安工作活力,减少犯罪对社区公众生活的影响。     

不动产相邻关系与地役权若干问题的思考

在我国目前正在制定的物权法中,不动产物权制度是其重要内容之一,而相邻关系与地役权则是不动产物权制度中不可或缺的内容。将具有法学史涵的“地役权”改称为“邻地利用权”的科学依据值得商榷。在立法中,应当关注对不动产相邻关系与地役权的立法体系设计。根据制度的价值判断和业已存在的制度设计,不动产相邻关系与地役权并存模式比较适合我国国情。而现行立法中不动产相邻关系的基本原则和类型划分需要我们进行重新的思考。