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This article seeks to examine the area characteristics that act as determinants of area property crime levels, namely, incidence and prevalence. The crime figures are extracted from the 1984 British Crime Survey. Area characteristics are taken from the 1981 UK census. Initial exploratory analysis considers the non-Gaussian nature of the crime data, the statistical implications of this, and the transformations used to overcome these problems. In addition, possible regional and inner-city/non-inner-city variations are considered. The later stages move from simple individual correlations to multiple regression models. Three regression models are considered and the reasons for refining these are explored, with the results indicating that both area characteristics and regional influences play a role as determinants of the area crime level. In particular, population density and the area population age profile have significant roles to play. The conclusions support the recent revival of the application of ecological concepts in the analysis of crime levels. 相似文献
64.
Mark Lipsey Carol Petrie David Weisburd Denise Gottfredson 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2006,2(3):271-307
This article summarizes a report of the National Research Council: Improving Evaluation of Anti-crime Programs. It is based on a workshop, held in September 2003, in which participants presented and discussed examples of evaluation-related studies that represent the methods and challenges associated with research at three levels: interventions directed toward individuals; interventions in neighborhoods, schools, prisons, or communities; and interventions at a broad policy level. The article, and the report on which it is based, is organized around five questions that require thoughtful analysis in the development of any evaluation plan: What questions should the evaluation address? When is it appropriate to conduct an impact evaluation? How should an impact evaluation be designed? How should the evaluation be implemented? What organizational infrastructure and procedures support high quality evaluation? The authors highlight major considerations in developing and implementing evaluation plans for criminal justice programs and make recommendations for improvement of government funded evaluation studies. 相似文献
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Denise Garcia 《Third world quarterly》2013,34(3):487-504
Brazil is considered one of the more successful examples of democratic transition and consolidation in the developing world; and one of the fastest developing and emerging countries. This article contends that Brazil is not yet a fully established democracy, because it lacks the proper civilian checks and balances ensuring full authority over the armed forces, police and secret services. There are five main reasons for this: first, the Constitution does not provide a generalised guide for the institution of civilian oversight. Second, a change of cultural perceptions vis-à-vis the security sector entities is needed. Third, piecemeal rather than holistic or comprehensive legal and institutional transformation has occurred, with little civilian oversight of the armed forces. Fourth, the large structures still held by each of the armed forces require re-articulation and fundamental transformation. Finally, there is no fully fledged civil society participation in security sector life through the media and academia. These problems weaken democracy in Brazil. The course of democratisation in Brazil and the role the security sector played in the transition are examined before discussion of some of the more recent legal and political developments in the security sector, as part of the democratic consolidation. The conclusion presents insights from Brazil’s experience and lessons for states facing similar transition challenges. 相似文献
68.
Heide KM Boots DP 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2007,51(6):646-675
This article is a content analysis of 150 unique cases of children killing parents in the United States as reported in the electronic news media. The accuracy of online coverage of U.S. parricide incidents is assessed using two types of resources: officially reported national statistics on known parricidal incidents and the psychological and psychiatric literature on matricide and patricide. Comparisons of news accounts of media-reported U.S. parricide cases with Supplementary Homicide Report data indicate that electronic media coverage of parricide cases focused on the more sensational and unusual parricides. Analyses of these media accounts by offender age found 13 significant differences between juvenile and adult offenders. Ten of these 13 differences related to motive and Heide's parricide offender types (severely abused, severely mentally ill, and dangerously antisocial) and were consistent with the mental health-related literature in this area. The limitations and directions for future research are discussed at length. 相似文献
69.
André B. Rosay Stacy Skroban Najaka Denise C. Herz 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2007,23(1):41-58
This study expands our knowledge about the validity of self-reported drug use by examining how gender, race, age, type of
drug, and offense seriousness interact to affect the validity of self-reported drug use. This study also provides a conceptual
framework that can be used to examine the validity of self-reported drug use. Differences in the validity of self-reported
drug use are explained by examining differences in underreporting and overreporting. Differences in underreporting and overreporting
are then further examined while controlling for differences in base rates of drug use. As shown, whether one controls for
base rates of use may drastically affect estimates of underreporting and overreporting. By using hierarchical loglinear, logit,
and logistic regression models with the Drug Use Forecasting data, we show that Black offenders provide less accurate self-reports
than White offenders. Black offenders do so because they are more likely to underreport crack/cocaine use than White offenders.
This difference, however, disappears once differences in base rates are controlled. A Black offender who tests positive is
not more likely to underreport crack/cocaine use than a White offender who tests positive. Black offenders are also more likely
to overreport both marijuana and crack/cocaine use relative to White offenders. Contrary to the first, this difference is
not attributable to a difference in base rates. Methodological and substantive implications of this distinction are discussed.
No differences across gender, age, or offense seriousness were found.
相似文献
André B. RosayEmail: |
70.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) by women against men has been the subject of much debate. Feminists typically argue that IPV
is committed only by men against women. Others argue that violence is a human problem and women also commit much IPV. To resolve
these debates, IPV has been classified into two categories: common couple violence captured by population-based studies, and
patriarchal terrorism, captured by studies of battered women. This typology ignores male victims of extreme IPV. The current
study addresses this omission by describing 190 male callers to the Domestic Abuse Helpline for Men. All callers experienced
physical abuse from their female partners, and a substantial minority feared their wives’ violence and were stalked. Over
90% experienced controlling behaviors, and several men reported frustrating experiences with the domestic violence system.
Callers’ reports indicated that their female abusers had a history of trauma, alcohol/drug problems, mental illness, and homicidal
and suicidal ideations.
相似文献
Denise A. HinesEmail: |