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721.
This paper reports on the performance of forensic document examiners (FDEs) in a signature comparison task that was designed to address the issue of expertise. The opinions of FDEs regarding 150 genuine and simulated questioned signatures were compared with a control group of non-examiners' opinions. On the question of expertise, results showed that FDEs were statistically better than the control group at accurately determining the genuineness or non-genuineness of questioned signatures. The FDE group made errors (by calling a genuine signature simulated or by calling a simulated signature genuine) in 3.4% of their opinions while 19.3% of the control group's opinions were erroneous. The FDE group gave significantly more inconclusive opinions than the control group. Analysis of FDEs' responses showed that more correct opinions were expressed regarding simulated signatures and more inconclusive opinions were made on genuine signatures. Further, when the complexity of a signature was taken into account, FDEs made more correct opinions on high complexity signatures than on signatures of lower complexity. There was a wide range of skill amongst FDEs and no significant relationship was found between the number of years FDEs had been practicing and their correct, inconclusive and error rates. 相似文献
722.
Adolescent Children of Adolescent Mothers: The Impact of Family Functioning on Trajectories of Development 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
V. Susan Dahinten Jennifer D. Shapka J. Douglas Willms 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(2):195-212
This study drew on four cycles of longitudinal data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth to
examine the academic and behavioural trajectories of youth between 10 and 15 years of age as a function of maternal age at
childbearing. The analyses controlled for several family characteristics and examined the mediating effects of three family
functioning variables (maternal depression, and nurturing and rejecting parenting behaviours). Maternal age was related to
academic competency in math (standardized Math scores), externalizing disorders (Property Offences, Hyperactivity-Inattention),
and internalizing disorders (Anxiety-Emotional Disorder). After accounting for family characteristics, the children of the
young and older teen mothers retained their disadvantage in Math scores and Property Offences, respectively, whereas the children
of older mothers lost the advantages that they had exhibited at age 10 (for Property Offences, the benefits were mediated
through family functioning). These results have implications for future research and for the development of policy and programming
targeting the healthy development of youth.
相似文献
V. Susan DahintenEmail: |
723.
Effect of Sterilants on Amplification and Detection of Target DNA from Bacillus cereus Spores 下载免费PDF全文
James M. Robertson Ph.D. Douglas L. Anders Ph.D. Francene Basalyga M.D. Julie Millar M.F.S. Donia Palomo Slack M.S. Robert Bever Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(3):699-707
To conceal criminal activity of a bioterrorist or agroterrorist, the site of pathogen generation is often treated with sterilants to kill the organisms and remove evidence. As dead organisms cannot be analyzed by culture, this study examined whether DNA from sterilant‐treated Bacillus cereus spores was viable for amplification. The spores were exposed to five common sterilants: bleach, Sterilox®, oxidizer foam (L‐Gel), a peroxyacid (Actril®), and formaldehyde vapor. The spores were inoculated on typical surfaces found in offices and laboratories to test for environmental effects. It was found that the surface influenced the efficiency of recovery of the organisms. The DNA isolated from the recovered spores was successfully detected using RT‐qPCR for all treatments except for formaldehyde, by amplifying the phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase genes. The results demonstrated that evidence from sites treated with sterilants can still provide information on the uncultured organism, using DNA amplification. 相似文献
724.
Hannah Maslen Thomas Douglas Roi Cohen Kadosh Neil Levy Julian Savulescu 《Journal of Law and the Biosciences》2015,2(3):754-767
Our (2014) model for the regulation of cognitive enhancement devices (CEDs) received a great deal of interest from those involved in European device regulation and from academic commentators. Further, since the publication of our recommendations, the number of manufacturers of brain stimulation devices for non-medical purposes has increased, underscoring the need for a regulatory response. In this paper, we clarify aspects of our original proposal and address additional regulatory issues beyond our original focus on the sale of devices. We begin with theoretical points pertaining to the definition of a CED and the distinction between treatment and enhancement. We then respond to practical challenges raised by the prospect of implementing our regulatory framework. Next, we address some wider societal considerations relating to users and other stakeholders. Finally, we revisit the broader regulatory context within which the various discussions are situated. 相似文献
725.
Detection of Acetaminophen–Protein Adducts in Decedents with Suspected Opioid–Acetaminophen Combination Product Overdose 下载免费PDF全文
Karen C. Thomas Pharm.D. Ph.D. Diana G. Wilkins Ph.D. M.S. Steven C. Curry M.D. Todd C. Grey M.D. David M. Andrenyak Ph.D. Lawrence D. McGill D.V.M. Ph.D. Douglas E. Rollins M.D Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(5):1301-1306
Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of drug‐induced liver failure in the United States. Acetaminophen–protein adducts have been suggested as a biomarker of hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether protein‐derived acetaminophen–protein adducts are quantifiable in postmortem samples. Heart blood, femoral blood, and liver tissue were collected at autopsy from 22 decedents suspected of opioid–acetaminophen overdose. Samples were assayed for protein‐derived acetaminophen–protein adducts, acetaminophen, and selected opioids found in combination products containing acetaminophen. Protein‐derived APAP‐CYS was detected in 17 of 22 decedents and was measurable in blood that was not degraded or hemolyzed. Heart blood concentrations ranged from 11 ng/mL (0.1 μM) to 7817 ng/mL (28.9 μM). Protein‐derived acetaminophen–protein adducts were detectable in liver tissue for 20 of 22 decedents. Liver histology was also performed for all decedents, and no evidence of centrilobular hepatic necrosis was observed. 相似文献
726.
Do Open Primaries Improve Representation? An Experimental Test of California's 2012 Top‐Two Primary 下载免费PDF全文
To improve representation and alleviate polarization among US lawmakers, many have promoted open primaries—allowing voters to choose candidates from any party—but the evidence that this reform works is mixed. To determine whether open primaries lead voters to choose ideologically proximate candidates, we conducted a statewide experiment just before California's 2012 primaries, the first conducted under a new top‐two format. We find that voters failed to distinguish moderate and extreme candidates. As a consequence, voters actually chose more ideologically distant candidates on the new ballot, and the reform failed to improve the fortunes of moderate congressional and state senate candidates. 相似文献
727.
Tamara L. Taillieu Douglas A. Brownridge Kimberly A. Tyler Ko Ling Chan Agnes Tiwari Susy C. Santos 《Journal of family violence》2016,31(5):567-579
The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors, indicators of severity, and differences in post-violence health effects for victims who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy compared to victims who experienced IPV outside the pregnancy period. Data were from Statistics Canada’s 2009 General Social Survey. Among IPV victims, 10.5 % experienced physical and/or sexual violence during pregnancy. Victims who had experienced violence during pregnancy were more likely than victims who were not abused during pregnancy to experience both less severe and more severe forms of violence. In fully adjusted models, younger age, separated or divorced marital status, as well as partners’ patriarchal domination, destruction of property, and drinking were significant predictors of pregnancy violence. Measures indicative of more severe violence and of a number of adverse post-violence health effects were significantly elevated among victims who experienced pregnancy violence relative to victims who were not abused during pregnancy. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
728.
We empirically compare the contributions of venture capital (VC) and private equity backed firms, including those backed by government subsidized innovation investment funds (IIFs), in the Australian economy by analyzing employment, R&D, patents, time to IPO, and market capitalization from market inception to August 2012. Overall, the data highlight a central role for VC and IIF investment in facilitating R&D, innovation, and economic growth. Our IIF findings highlight the success of government sponsorship of VC under the Australian program design, which is sharply in contrast with the lack of success of government venture programs in other countries. 相似文献
729.
Law and Philosophy - Lately it has become a commonplace to complain about the injustice of mass incarceration. I share the sentiment that this phenomenon has been an injustice. But it also has... 相似文献
730.
Nitzan's (1991) analysis of differential sharing rules in a collective rent-seeking setting is reconsidered. Two groups, each with more than one member, are presumed to use different linear combinations of two sharing rules, one based on an equal-division of the prize, and the other on each member's relative effort. We show that an equilibrium always exists for this type of game, and then characterize the equilibrium. Our result is contrary to Nitzan's claims that (a) in the general case an equilibrium often does not exist, and (b) an equilibrium never exists when the groups use the polar extreme rules. 相似文献