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291.
Eric R. Schmidt 《Political Behavior》2018,40(1):21-53
Scholarly accounts of elite–mass communication often suggest that political sophistication is a necessary condition for adopting the attitudes of partisan elites. Some have also suggested that political knowledge promotes religious–political issue constraint among religious identifiers. This paper contributes to the political sophistication literature by piloting and testing a new measure, religious–political sophistication (RPS), assessing knowledge of church teaching on particular political issues. Using original measures launched on the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, I show that for evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics, RPS (in conjunction with frequent church attendance) depresses support for abortion rights and same-sex marriage. Moreover, I argue that assessing RPS this way is not fatally contaminated by unsophisticated respondents interpolating that their clergy must share their political positions. Results suggest religion-and-politics scholars should adopt RPS measures to gain a greater understanding of the unique sources of political communication upon which religious identifiers draw. 相似文献
292.
Sizeable achievement differences by race appear in early grades, but substantial uncertainty exists about the impact of school quality on the black‐white achievement gap and particularly about its evolution across different parts of the achievement distribution. Texas administrative data show that the overall growth in the achievement gap between third and eighth grades is larger for students with higher initial achievement and that specific teacher and peer characteristics explain a substantial share of the widening. The adverse effect of attending school with a high black enrollment share appears to be an important contributor to the larger growth in the achievement differential in the upper part of the test score distribution. This evidence reaffirms the major role played by peers and school quality, but also presents a policy dilemma. Teacher labor market complications, current housing patterns, legal limits to desegregation efforts, and uncertainty about the overall effects of specific desegregation programs indicate that effective policy responses will almost certainly involve a set of school improvements beyond simple changes in peer racial composition and the teacher experience distribution. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
293.
Political behavior is triggered by the presence of a variety of material and cognitive resources, including political efficacy.
The dominant view conceptualizes efficacy as capital, used to overcome obstacles to participation. Our theory suggests that
unlike other resources, efficacy aids in the development of habitual participation by activating a particular negative emotion,
anger. Using the 1990–1992 NES Panel, we find that internal efficacy boosts participation in part by facilitating anger, but
not fear, in response to policy threats. This partial mediating effect operates primarily among younger citizens who are in
the process of developing the habit of participation. External efficacy, because it is not self-referential, is not causally
linked to participation via emotions. Finally, internal efficacy is enhanced by successful participation in politics, closing
a feedback loop that helps explain participatory habits.
相似文献
Nicholas A. ValentinoEmail: |
294.
Eric T. Weber 《政策研究评论》2008,25(6):608-618
I have recently traveled to South Korea, where Seoul National University hosted the XXII World Congress of Philosophy, the first time the congress has been hosted in Asia. I was astonished by the pervasive use of many of the latest technological advancements. Among the most impressive changes were environmental. The methods employed in hotels and at the University for minimizing unnecessary consumption of electricity were exemplary. Given the great need America has now for developing its economy, and preferably in a way that does not easily lend itself to outsourcing, South Korea can serve as a model for change implemented through the development and manufacturing of advanced technological tools including high‐speed internet access, which will be the focus of the present paper. Some changes have begun already in some arenas of industry and responsiveness to environmental forces, such as in Toyota's decision to move from making SUV's in its new factory coming to Tupelo, Mississippi, to making only the Prius. But Americans have let the governmental incentives for a number of environmentally preferable products run out, and have not lead the way in the propagation of new renewable energy source technologies. Also, America's common approach to the propagation of technological and business development with the use of tax‐incentives is fundamentally different far less forceful than the South Korean approach I will discuss. 相似文献
295.
The Utility of Forms and Functions of Aggression in Emerging Adulthood: Association with Personality Disorder Symptomatology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A sample of 679 (341 women) emerging adults (M = 18.90 years; SD = 1.11; range = 18.00–22.92) participated in a study on the utility of forms (i.e., physical and relational)
and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggression. We examined the link between these four subtypes of aggression
and personality pathology (i.e., psychopathic features, borderline personality disorder features, and antisocial personality
disorder features). The study supports the psychometric properties (i.e., test–retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminant
validity) of a recently introduced measure of forms and functions of aggression during emerging adulthood. Aggression subtypes
were uniquely associated with indices of personality pathology. For example, proactive (i.e., planned, instrumental or goal-oriented)
and reactive (i.e., impulsive, hostile or retaliatory) functions of relational aggression were uniquely associated with borderline
personality disorder features even after controlling for functions of physical aggression and gender. The results highlight
the differential associations between forms and functions of aggression and indices of personality pathology in typically
developing emerging adults.
Jamie M. Ostrov is an Assistant Professor of Psychology in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Ostrov received his Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus. His research focuses on the development of relational and physical aggression. Rebecca J. Houston is a Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Houston received her Ph.D. in Biopsychology from the University of New Orleans. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. Her research focuses on the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in functions of aggression. 相似文献
Jamie M. OstrovEmail: |
Jamie M. Ostrov is an Assistant Professor of Psychology in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Ostrov received his Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus. His research focuses on the development of relational and physical aggression. Rebecca J. Houston is a Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Houston received her Ph.D. in Biopsychology from the University of New Orleans. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. Her research focuses on the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in functions of aggression. 相似文献
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298.
Malin Hasselskog Peter J. Mugume Eric Ndushabandi Isabell Schierenbeck 《Third world quarterly》2017,38(8):1816-1830
A paradox in current international development cooperation is comprised by the simultaneous insistence on national ownership and far-reaching donor involvement through policy dialogue. In order to better understand this combination of a strong ownership ideal and extensive donor presence, this article explores how national and external actors portray the process of formulating and revising development policies and programmes in an aid recipient country. The study is based on original empirical material from national as well as external actors involved in the aid relation in Rwanda which, despite heavy aid dependence, is known to have achieved relative policy independence. Analysed in relation to three strands of critical thought in previous research, findings show that, in Rwanda, the very top political leadership is actively involved in initiating and formulating policies; that there are instances of negotiation as well as strong disagreements between national and external actors; and that, rather than donors seeking to retain control, Rwanda is depicted as setting its own agenda and effectively managing its donors. The paradox of an ownership ideal combined with donor involvement is thus met by an apparent tendency among national as well as external actors to emphasise national ownership while toning down donor influence. 相似文献
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John Forrer James Edwin Kee Kathryn E. Newcomer Eric Boyer 《Public administration review》2010,70(3):475-484
Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are growing in popularity as a governing model for delivery of public goods and services. PPPs have existed since the Roman Empire, but their expansion into traditional public projects today raises serious questions about public accountability. This article examines public accountability and its application to government and private firms involved in PPPs. An analytical framework is proposed for assessing the extent to which PPPs provide (or will provide) goods and services consistent with public sector goals of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. Six dimensions—risk, costs and benefits, political and social impacts, expertise, collaboration, and performance measurement—are incorporated into a model that assists public managers in improving partnerships’ public accountability. 相似文献