Postmortem Computed Tomography in Firearm Homicides: A Retrospective Case Series,

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is integrated into the evaluation of decedents in several American medical examiner offices and medicolegal death investigative centers in many other countries. We retrospectively investigated the value of PMCT in a series of firearm homicide cases from a statewide centralized medical examiner’s office that occurred during 2016. Autopsies were performed or supervised by board-certified forensic pathologists who reviewed the PMCT scans prior to autopsy. PMCT scans were re-evaluated by a forensic radiologist blinded to the autopsy findings and scored by body region (head–neck, thoracoabdominal, and extremities). Injury discrepancies were scored using a modified Goldman classification and analyzed with McNemar’s test. We included 60 males and 20 females (median age 31 years, range 3–73). Based on PMCT, 56 (79.1%) cases had injuries relevant to the cause of death in a single body region (24 head–neck region, 32 thoracoabdominal region). Out of these 56 cases, 9 had a missed major diagnosis by PMCT outside that region, including 6 extremity injuries visible during standard external examination. Yet all had evident lethal firearm injury. We showed that PMCT identifies major firearm injuries in homicide victims and excludes injuries related to the cause of death in other regions when a single body region is injured. Although PMCT has a known limited sensitivity for soft tissue and vascular pathology, it can be combined with external examination to potentially reduce or focus dissections in some of these cases depending on the circumstances and medicolegal needs.     

Volatile Organic Compounds,Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil is an explosive mixture found in most antipersonnel landmines (APL) buried throughout the Colombian territory. During more than 50 years of internal conflict, the Colombian government has found that trained dogs are the most effective method to detect APL. However, the olfactive signature in ANFO is unknown and also if there are differences in detection related to the explosive manufacturing origin. Therefore, this work begins with the analytical validation of the method used to determine ammonia, in its derivatized form as carbamate, released by home-made ANFO using HS-SPME-GC-FID. Once validated, the method was used to identify ammonia and other organic volatile compounds present in ANFO, under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The validation process includes the evaluation of the optimum conditions for the derivation and extraction of butylcarbamate, the determination of the working ranges with linear response in FID, the limits of detection and quantification, the sensitivity, and the precision. The results of the validation established linearity and sensitivity in a concentration between 20 and 120 mg/L, as well as low limits of detection and quantification of 6.4 and 21.4 mg/L, respectively. Also, an intermediate precision of 11% for butylcarbamate with a repeatability of 8%. The validated method showed in real samples of home-made ANFO besides ammonia, the presence of low molecular methylamines, and also exhibited differences in volatile compositions according to the origin. The objective of this work is to offer a reliable analytical methodology for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from ANFO.     

北京市流动人口服务管理基层工作的模式与困境

综观北京市流动人口服务管理基层工作模式,从管理主体来看,可分为网格包干型、三级联管型.村企联管型和依托协会型四种;从出租房屋主来看,可分为契约自治型、双向关联型和旅店式管理型三种;从流动人口居住和从业特点来看,可分为企业集中管理型、产业升级过滤型,大院委托管理型和居干搂长协助型四种.当然,不管哪种工作模式,其实施均会遇到来自管理主体的人员-资金-设施困境、"执法权"缺乏困境、管理员本地化困境和来自管理客体的流动人口融合困境、流动人口不配合困境、流动人口流动性困境、出租房屋主搭便车困境的制约.     

论高校图书馆信息资源布局和信息资源服务

高校图书馆利用先进的科学技术,应充分发挥信息资源库的作用和价值。提供优质高效的信息资源服务有赖于图书馆信息资源的合理布局。图书馆信息资源布局实行开架制三线典藏较为合理。信息资源服务的方法主要有用户研究与用户培训、文献借阅服务、参考咨询服务、馆际互借和文献传递等。高校图书馆信息资源建设制度化才能促进图书馆信息资源服务规范化。     

新时期大学生人本化德育构建模式

人本化德育是当前德育发展的趋势,在德育过程中它强调人的主体性、人的自我价值,并从个体的自我需要出发进行道德教育,从而实现受教育者的全面发展,使之成为道德高尚的人。因此,从人本化德育的本质入手,探讨新时期大学生人体化德育的构建模式,对提高大学生的思想政治、道德素质有着积极的现实意义。     

Party and Gender Stereotypes in Campaign Attacks

Research on negative campaigning has largely overlooked the role of stereotypes. In this study, we argue that the gender and partisan stereotypes associated with traits and policy issues interact with a candidate’s gender and partisanship to shape the effectiveness of campaign attacks. We draw on expectancy-violation theory to argue that candidates may be evaluated more harshly when attacks suggest the candidate has violated stereotypic assumptions about their group. Thus, attacks on a candidate’s “home turf,” or those traits or issues traditionally associated with their party or gender, may be more effective in reducing support for the attacked candidate. We use two survey experiments to examine the effects of stereotype-based attacks—a Trait Attack Study and an Issue Attack Study. The results suggest that female candidates are particularly vulnerable to trait based attacks that challenge stereotypically feminine strengths. Both male and female candidates proved vulnerable to attacks on policy issues stereotypically associated with their party and gender, but the negative effects of all forms of stereotype-based attacks were especially large for democratic women. Our results offer new insights into the use of stereotypes in negative campaigning and their consequences for the electoral fortunes of political candidates.     

中国合作性外交及其目的分析——一个历史的视角

本文通过历史和现实三个时段（封贡体系时期、新中国建立至改革开放前、改革开放至今）的中国外交分析,得出两点结论：第一,自古代社会起至今,合作而非对抗是中国对外行为的基本选择。中国积极寻求与周边、地区和世界的和平与合作。第二,中国合作性外交的目的在于实现国际秩序和世界正义的统一。本文认为,封贡时期的东亚秩序本身就是正义的,维持秩序就是维持正义,中国在封贡时期的国际合作保证了秩序与正义的统一;新中国建立后到改革开放前,中国以和平共处五项原则为基础与各国发展友好合作关系,坚定维护国际关系基本准则和基本秩序,同时又通过反霸反帝反殖斗争和建立国际经济新秩序追求世界正义;改革开放后的中国,全面融入国际社会,参与国际组织,遵守国际规范,与世界各国发展全方位合作关系,同时又通过反霸斗争、建立国际政治经济新秩序以及建设“和谐世界”推动世界正义的实现。     

Public Perceptions of Income Inequality in Hong Kong: trends,causes and implications

This article examines the patterns and changes in public perceptions of domestic income inequality in Hong Kong in the past two decades and explains individual variations in these perceptions. It found that the perceived seriousness of income disparities had been persistently high, while the perceived unjustness of income disparities showed a fluctuating trend. Our findings lent partial support to the structural position thesis that the privileged groups are less likely than the underprivileged groups to consider existing income disparities to be serious and unjust. Nonetheless, the popular understanding of poverty is still biased towards ‘individual’ explanations, and this perhaps explains why the government is less willing to tackle the economic and political foundations of poverty in Hong Kong.     

群体性事件处置中“慎用警力”原则研究

在处置群体性事件中,必须讲究政策、讲究策略、讲究方法,坚持“三个慎用”原则。其中,“慎用警力”原则主要适用于非警务活动。非警务活动是公安部的通知通告中出现的非正式用语。当前,我国一些地方公安机关非警务活动所占时间比例已经超越了正常的警务工作时间。应当严禁公安机关违反规定从事非警务活动。进一步规范各类非警务活动。非警务活动的形成渊源有两个：服务型警务和地方政府利益。“镇用警力”原则的具体表现为合理用警、规范用警。