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1.
Progress in New Public Management research requires careful comparison of different organizational approaches to public tasks, preferably within a single political and institutional setting. This paper presents a study of three approaches to reemployment services, a recent development in the Netherlands. How do bureaucratic, networked, and market‐based forms of organization function with regard to the new public aim of second‐tier reemployment in the Netherlands? It appears that there is no simple dependence between performance and instrumental or organizational features. Even in the setting of a single welfare state, intricate interactions exist between performance, stakeholder interests, and institutional conditions. Given the importance of these interactions, New Public Management research would benefit by shifting focus away from organizational performance toward a “politics of institutional structuring.” 相似文献
2.
Eva-Maria Swidler 《Capitalism Nature Socialism》2018,29(2):43-60
Since its inception Marxism has largely operated with a narrow definition of the economy which closely resembles capitalism’s own, focusing on wage labor as the pre-eminent example of capitalist relations of labor. A century-long series of challenges from heterodox radical economists, including those based in feminism and anti-colonial theory, has yet to broaden this definition of capitalism, but the fading importance of wage labor and the advent of new forms of precarious labor relations may allow us to break the hold of restrictive ideas of the economy. A larger, more comprehensive concept of economics locates value production and material exploitation in many forms of labor in addition to waged work, and provides a theoretical platform for building solidarity among seemingly disparate movements and constituencies. Marxism can and must incorporate critiques if it is to have continuing relevance. In fact, Marx’s original understanding of capitalism included the concepts of primitive accumulation and the reproduction of labor power, allowing broader concepts of capitalist exploitation to be incorporated into the Marxist worldview. New insights into the essential nature of capitalism and new possibilities for organizing and change may emerge from this paradigm shift. 相似文献
3.
Roger Svensson 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2007,32(5):545-559
In recent years, development agencies (DAs) have focused their activities on consulting projects rather than on financing
turnkey projects when assisting emerging markets. The main reason is that the implementation of consulting projects is likely
to be connected with an intensive knowledge transfer from developed to emerging markets. Training of local employees and cooperation
with local firms are necessary elements to make the transfer effective. The empirical statistics shows training and cooperation
to be more frequent in consulting projects financed by DAs as compared to commercial projects. According to theory and experience,
training should be included in projects in the least developed host countries, whereas local cooperation should be more frequent,
the higher is the development level of the host country. However, DAs do not follow these rules of thumb in a convincing way.
A policy implication of the paper is therefore that DAs should better organize and plan the contents of their consulting projects.
相似文献
Roger SvenssonEmail: |
4.
Eva-Maria Muschik 《Labor History》2019,60(1):8-23
ABSTRACTThis article examines the assignment of John Alexander-Sinclair, a British United Nations (UN) development expert, in Iran. In the late 1960s, Alexander-Sinclair was invited to arrange the ‘redeployment’ of 20,000 allegedly redundant oil workers and mediate between the consortium of European and American companies, which was in de facto control of the country’s oil industry, and the state-led National Iranian Oil Company, which was nominally in charge. His UN mission enabled the cooperation between Iranian officials and foreign companies, which eventually led to the severance of workers on a massive scale. Much of the existing scholarly work on the history of international organizations and labor has focused on the role of the former in advocating international norms to improve the lives of workers across the globe. This article, by contrast, examines the use of UN assistance as a means to circumvent workers’ existing protections and benefits. Second, the notion of a ‘rule of experts,’ which suggests that development practitioners gained unprecedented powers after World War II, dominates much of the secondary literature. By showing how the UN representative in Iran appeared as a rather impotent pawn in the politics of local interest groups, the article demonstrates the limits of this argument. 相似文献
5.
Propensity to offend is an important and stable predictor of offending. A person’s propensity is often thought of as a multidimensional
trait consisting of morality and low self-control. The aim of this paper is to explain individual differences in propensity
to offend as one single construct and two of its dimensions, namely morality and low self-control. It is well established
that low levels of morality and low self-control increase the risk of offending. However, there is less empirical research
that focuses on the main predictors of morality and self-control. Therefore the main research question for this study is to
explain to what extent parental attachment, parental control and the school social bond have a direct effect on one’s propensity
to offend (low morality or delinquency tolerance and low self-control). The data are drawn from two different samples of young
adolescents in Antwerp, Belgium (N = 2,486), and Halmstad, Sweden (N = 1,003). The results show that parental control, parental
attachment and the school social bond have direct effects on individual differences in propensity to offend, regardless of
individual background variables. The results are highly equivalent in both samples. The similarity of the results across two
independent samples suggests that the findings are stable. Implications for further studies are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Carina Ljungwald Kerstin Svensson 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(2):138-156
The aim of this article is to analyse how social workers in the social services describe crime victims and their role in supporting these victims. Based on focus groups with social workers in the social services, it is established that social workers discriminate between a categorical understanding of crime victims and an assessment of individuals in need. The categorical understanding of crime victims is connected to weakness and innocence, and the discussions are constructed with a focus on women and children. However, when the social workers move beyond this idea and describe individual victims of crime they have met, they attribute a more complicated picture and acknowledge the complexity of crime and victimization. The social workers give themselves a vague role regarding support to victims of crime. They consider themselves as able to connect individuals in need with helping resources, but they do not regard themselves as resources in this area. According to the social workers, an individual should not receive support from the social services just because he or she is categorized by them as a victim of crime. One conclusion is that the category ‘crime victims’ has not gained acceptance among the social workers. 相似文献
7.
Consumer bankruptcy regulation in the United States as well as in many other countries allow consumers to petition for a partial
debt discharge. Usually, a debt release is possible when the debtor behaves in the creditors’ best interest and after filing
for bankruptcy signs over her entire disposable income for a fixed period. Depending on the country the period lasts between three and six years. We show that a fixed period distorts the consumer’s
ex-post incentives to work hard. Instead, we suggest to adequately reduce the outstanding claim and to make debt release contingent
on payment. When the consumer manages to pay back the reduced amount, the rest of the initial debt should be discharged immediately.
In effect, the consumer becomes the residual claimant of her endeavors. The period of good conduct is effectively variable.
JEL classification D18. D91. K29 相似文献
8.
Irina Ciornei Eva-Maria Euchner Michalina Preisner Ilay Yesil 《Regulation & Governance》2023,17(4):1076-1093
This article makes important contributions to governance research by studying the implementation of policies with high potential for goal incongruence between intermediaries and regulators. Building on a regulatory intermediation framework and prevailing theories from organizational institutionalism, we propose an original typology that classifies intermediaries' strategies for coping with challenging regulations. Furthermore, we explain the choice of these strategies based on intermediaries' value systems, the degree of interdependency with the regulator, and policy ambiguity. The empirical strategy is based on the case of Catholic, Protestant, and Muslim religious organizations engaged in the implementation of abortion and euthanasia policies in Belgium. These latter constitute a typical case of policy implementation that prompts value conflicts between permissive official regulations and intermediaries' conservative values on life-and-death issues. 相似文献
9.
Sara Svensson 《Regional & Federal Studies》2015,25(3):277-295
The article discusses the determinants of local government contact networks within cross-border cooperation organizations (Euroregions). Relying on social capital theory, a combination of social network and qualitative analytical tools are applied on data from two Scandinavian and two East Central European cases. The analysis reveals that, even in favourable circumstances, contact networks are thin and Euroregions fail to develop into truly integrated political spaces. The analysis also shows that contact patterns on one side of the border, determined primarily by inter-municipal cooperation, will matter for how contact networks are formed across the border. The findings are important, as membership in a Euroregion is expected to foster cross-border political relationships that could have possible spillover effects in terms of encouraging policy cooperation outside the framework of the Euroregion, which in turn would enhance the likelihood of well-functioning cross-border governance spaces. 相似文献
10.
Torsten Svensson 《Scandinavian political studies》2002,25(3):197-229
Globalisation is often thought to threaten the autonomy of national policymaking and generous welfare policies. This article examines two decades of policy change in Sweden, often viewed as a prime example of a fully fledged welfare state. The analysis is focused on reforms within the welfare sector, which is compared with three other important areas – credit markets, the labour market, and infrastructure policy. These areas can all be seen as crucial aspects of the Swedish social democratic model. The findings can be summarised in three parts. First, seeing the credit–market deregulation as the first phase of the internationalisation of capital in Sweden lends some support to the idea of globalisation as the result of political decisions rather than a structural change caused by technical change. Second, during the last two decades, there have been signs of marketisation of the Swedish public sector. However, this analysis does not give support to the simple hypothesis of globalisation. There are quite large variations both between and within policy areas, variations that are not easily related to international integration. Third, marketisation involves a shift in political power. An overall effect is that the government has lost some of its former direct influence. However, behind the façade of the invisible market we find the same actors as before influencing policy. Globalisation can have tremendous effects on power. Whether or not this will be the case is first and foremost the result of political decisions and individual desires. 相似文献