中国行政学院办学模式及创新发展研究——基于七所省、市级行政学院的调查和思考

全国行政学院锐意进取,进行了全方位、整体性办学模式和制度机制创新,已成为公务员培训的主渠道和主阵地。行政学院的改革和发展与国家公务员培训体制及相关政策直接联系。要进一步创新行政学院办学模式,须从制度的层面化解学习目标偏离问题,以改革的思路优化整组培训机构体系,实事求是地解决培训教育与学历教育的矛盾,用统筹方法处理教职工两种人事制度管理问题,创新并完善具有行政学院特色的培训考核评估体系。     

Prostitute homicides: a descriptive study

It has been estimated that women involved in street prostitution are 60 to 100 times more likely to be murdered than are nonprostitute females. In addition, homicides of prostitutes are notoriously difficult to investigate and, as such, many cases remain unsolved. Despite this large risk factor, little literature exists on homicides of prostitutes, and there is a lack of basic statistics and knowledge regarding this very specific victim group that could possibly help investigators. The aim of the current study is to conduct an exploratory study to explore the key characteristics of this group and how they differ from other subgroups of homicide. Forty-six cases of U.K. prostitute homicides are analyzed and compared to 59 male offender-female victim nonsexual homicide cases and 17 male offender-female victim sexual homicide cases.     

Swaying the Hand of Justice: The Internal and External Dynamics of Regime Change at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

This article develops a conflict approach for studying the field of international criminal law. Focusing on the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, we draw on Burawoy's (2003 ) elaboration of reflexive ethnography to determine how external political changes affect the work of an international legal institution. We explore how political frameworks of legal liberalism, ad hoc legalism, and legal exceptionalism result in internal office, organizational, and normative changes within this Tribunal, thereby linking national political transformations with the construction of the global. Drawing on rolling field interviews and a two-wave panel survey, we conclude that the claims to universals that underwrite transnational legal fields cannot be understood solely through an analysis of external political forces, but must be combined with attention to how these are refracted through internal organizational change within international institutions.     

绝对法律关系初论

法律关系是抽象的观念,是观念对现实的反映,是思想意志通过法律对现实秩序的规制、维护。绝对法律关系并非停留在法律规定的层面,它是现实的法律关系。它的形成,须有具体的法律事实。应当将法律关系的模型与法律关系相区分。绝对法律关系的权利主体是特定的,而义务主体是一切人,一切人都在秩序之中。绝对法律关系就是绝对权法律关系,其客体是不行为,绝对法律关系的意义在于对抗,而不在于给付。同一法律事实可同时产生相对法律关系和绝对法律关系,这是共生现象。相对法律关系的给付,可产生绝对法律关系。     

著作权法中的复制权研究

复制权是著作财产权的基础和核心,但复制的内涵却随着技术的发展而日趋扩张,从单纯的印刷复制到模拟复制再到数字复制,复制在技术面前迷失了本质。由于各国关于复制权的理论基础与立法结构不同,复制内涵的发掘更是莫衷一是。从激励理论看,复制是对作品形式的再现,是著作权人控制作品市场利益的手段之一,集中反映了复制件的非独创性与竞争性特点。认识这一特点对解决异形复制、自发复制和暂时复制等新型复制方式具有非常重要的意义。从非独创性与竞争性二维视角来看,新型复制方式产生的利益应该在竞争市场上以复制与创作为边界进行分配,从而在激励著作权人的前提条件下实现著作权人独占利益与公众利益的动态平衡,保证公众接近作品和著作权人行使独占权在著作权法中各得其所。     

Umbilical cord blood banking: beyond the public-private divide

Umbilical cord blood is a source of haematopoietic progenitor cells, which are used to treat a range of malignant, genetic, metabolic and immune disorders. Until recently, cord blood was either collected through donations to publicly funded cord blood banks for use in allogeneic transplantation, or stored in commercial cord blood banks for use in autologous transplantation. The line between public and private cord blood banking is being blurred by the emergence of "hybrid" models that combine aspects of both the public and private systems. The authors describe these hybrid models and argue that their emergence is explained by both market forces and public sector policy They propose that the future of the sector will depend heavily on several key developments that will differentially affect public, private and hybrid banking models.     

Racially conditional donation: the example of umbilical cord blood

While direction of donated tissue to family members has long been accepted, direction to members of specific racial groups has been opposed, on the basis that it is discriminatory and contrary to the ethos the institution of organ donation seeks to promote. It has, however, recently been proposed that racially conditional donation may provide a useful--and ethically acceptable--way to address the social inequalities and injustices experienced by certain cultural groups. This article examines the ethical, legal and cultural arguments for and against racially conditional donation, concluding that the practice is more likely to undermine the values of equity and justice than to promote them and that it may also lead to other unfavourable personal and social outcomes.     

改革开放以来中国农村社会的结构转型及其意涵

传统社会向现代社会的转型本质上是社会关系的转型。当前,我国农村社会正由传统向现代过渡,反映这种社会关系转型轨迹的中国农村经济、社会及政治结构出现了实质性的分化:乡村利益格局日益趋向多元化,教育及文化的发展使农民的意识从"身份取向"向"权利取向"转变,并自发形成了以自主治理为特征的乡村社会团体。农村经济-社会结构的转型构成了未来我国新型乡村治理关系的基础。