Gentrification and Fair Housing: Does Gentrification Further Integration?

ABSTRACT

On the 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act, long-time residents of cities across the country feel increasingly anxious that they will be priced out of their homes and communities, as growing numbers of higher-income, college-educated households opt for downtown neighborhoods. These fears are particularly acute among black and Latino residents. Yet when looking through the lens of fair housing, gentrification also offers a potential opportunity, as the moves that higher-income, white households make into predominantly minority, lower-income neighborhoods are moves that help to integrate those neighborhoods, at least in the near term. We explore the long-term trajectory of predominantly minority, low-income neighborhoods that gentrified over the 1980s and 1990s. On average, these neighborhoods experienced little racial change while they gentrified, but a significant minority became racially integrated during the decade of gentrification, and over the longer term, many of these neighborhoods remained racially stable. That said, some gentrifying neighborhoods that were predominantly minority in 1980 appeared to be on the path to becoming predominantly white. Policies, such as investments in place-based, subsidized housing, are needed in many gentrifying neighborhoods to ensure racial and economic diversity over the longer term.     

How postsecondary education improves adult outcomes for Supplemental Security Income children with severe hearing impairments

The rapid growth in the number of children participating in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program before the age of 18 has led policymakers to consider new methods of assisting children with disabilities in their transition from school to work. Postsecondary education represents one path that SSI children may take to acquire the skills necessary to enter employment and reduce dependency on the SSI disability program as adults. Yet little is known about SSI children's experience with postsecondary education, let alone their ability to increase their labor market earnings and reduce their time on SSI as adults in the long term. This lack of information on long-term outcomes is due in part to a lack of longitudinal data. This article uses a unique longitudinal data set to conduct a case study of SSI children who applied for postsecondary education at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) within the Rochester Institute of Technology. The data set was created by merging NTID administrative data on the characteristics and experiences of its applicants to Social Security Administration (SSA) longitudinal data on earnings and program participation. We used this data file to estimate the likelihood that an SSI child will graduate from NTID relative to other hearing-impaired NTID applicants, and we estimated the influence of graduation from NTID on participation in the SSI adult program and later success in the labor market. The results of our analysis show that the percentage of NTID applicants who were SSI children increased over time, from a low of 10 percent in 1982 to more than 41 percent in 2000. However, the differences in the probability of graduation from NTID between deaf SSI children and deaf applicants who were not SSI children did not change accordingly. The probability of graduation for SSI children who applied to NTID was 13.5 percentage points lower than for those who were not SSI children. The estimated disparity indicates that targeting college retention programs toward SSI children may be an effective way to improve overall graduation rates. Our results also show that SSI children who graduated from NTID spent less time in the SSI adult program and had higher earnings than SSI children who did not gradu- ate. Compared with SSI children who were accepted to NTID but chose not to attend, SSI children who graduated from NTID left the SSI program 19 months earlier, were less likely to reenter the program, and at age 30 had increased their earnings by an estimated 49 percent. Our findings demonstrate that SSI children need not be relegated to a lifetime of SSI participation as adults, despite the poor overall labor market experience of this population since the creation of the SSI program in 1974.     

Intellectual disability in a prison population with anger problems in Trinidad

This paper describes the characteristics of groups of prisoners selected to take part in an anger management programme in prisons in Trinidad. Participants completed demographic measures, an IQ assessment, mental health measures and anger rating scales. Fifty-six inmates were screened with the WASI-2 and characteristics of this group are explored in this paper. The mean IQ for the group was 72.34 and 22 had a recorded IQ below 70 (37.5%). All of the respondents reported high levels of mental health problems with their mean ratings on the SCL-90 being closer to those of inpatient psychiatric group norms than non-clinical groups. A score of less than 70 on the WASI-2 is not sufficient for a diagnosis of an Intellectual Disability. Nevertheless, the results suggest that a significant number of individuals in these prisons may have an Intellectual Disability. More research is needed to help identify these individuals and provide support.     

海上恐怖主义和海盗威胁

在打击马六甲海峡沿岸的海盗中,区域各方力量已迈出了可喜的一步。在960万公里的海岸线上,沿岸国家印度尼西亚、马来西亚和新加坡为了海上安全,在首次提出“天空之眼”优先战略3个月后,便于2005年9月13日进行联合海上空中巡逻。事实上,“天空之眼”构想是在3个海岸国家共同制定     

Does teleworking affect managing for results and constructive feedback? A research note

Teleworking has been extensively examined, but little is known about the relationship between teleworking and management for results and between teleworking and constructive feedback. Using data on the Internal Revenue Service from the 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, this research note addresses the following questions. Are teleworkers more or less likely than non‐teleworkers to perceive they are held accountable for achieving results? Are teleworkers more or less likely than non‐teleworkers to perceive they are provided with constructive feedback? The findings reveal that teleworkers and non‐teleworkers generally reported similar levels of management for results and constructive feedback. Explanations and implications of these results are discussed, as well as avenues for further research.     

控制欧洲金融危机:为何竞争法是解决危机的一部分,而非危机问题的一部分

21世纪第一次世界性的金融危机给全世界的公共机构,包括所有的竞争法执法机构,带来前所未有的挑战.在欧洲,欧洲竞争委员会通过为市场经营者提供明确之适用法律﹑稳定竞争法实施以及防止成员国金融救济方案与救济措施产生消极影响等一系列措施,提高了危机反应速度与决策快速审查能力,为遭受危机影响的企业提供了一个高效的司法保障体系.同时,增强了竞争法在金融危机这一特殊情况下的适应能力,保护市场竞争与其他重要的经济政策融洽结合.无疑,欧洲竞争法在稳定欧洲金融市场,消除危机影响中扮演了重要之角色.     

The Mechanics of Responsibility in Government

Robert Garran was Premier Reid's legal and constitutional adviser at the Premiers' Conference in Melbourne in 1899. If Alfred Deakin is to be believed, while there Garran performed in classical fashion the duties of the competent administrator. Out of sight in an adjoining room, he and a financial adviser, Mr Coghlan, awaited Premier Reid who would withdraw from the conference room from time to time for consultation with his advisers. Then Reid would return 'freshly primed to reopen the debate' presumably stating the propositions with which he had been recently furnished. In later years his scholarly and incisive work on the Constitution was a source of sound advice to all those concerned to understand the workings of the organic law under which we live. I acknowledge my debt to his work and I am honoured to deliver an oration that bears his name.