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211.
Cigarette smoking is concentrated among low‐income groups. Consequently, cigarette taxes are considered regressive. However, if poorer individuals are much more price sensitive than richer individuals, then tax increases would reduce smoking much more among the poor and their cigarette tax expenditures as a share of income would rise by much less than for the rich. Warner (2000) said this phenomenon would make cigarette tax increases progressive. We test this empirically. Among low‐, middle‐, and high‐income groups, we estimate total price elasticities of _0.37, _0.35, and _0.20, respectively. We find that cigarette tax increases are not close to progressive, using both tax expenditure‐based and traditional welfare measures. This finding is robust to cross‐border purchasing, generic cigarettes, and substantial external effects. However, we find that taxes can be progressive under some behavioral economic models (Gruber & Koszegi, 2004) but that these may only apply to a small share of smokers. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
212.
Gregory J. Moore 《Journal of Chinese Political Science》2010,15(3):283-306
While Sino-Japanese relations are quite stable presently, it was as recent as 2004–2005 that the two nations slid into the worst bilateral quagmire in decades. When in 2007 Japan was China’s third largest trading partner and China surpassed the US to become Japan’s largest trading partner, what is eating these two otherwise very pragmatic traders? History, nationalism and face, enabled by recent changes in the strategic environment, are the factors that have been most salient in bringing about the plunge in Sino-Japanese relations in 2004–05 and though Sino-Japanese relations have been much better since, these factors hang like a storm front over Sino-Japanese relations today. 相似文献
213.
Taking social entrepreneurship seriously 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Gregory Dees 《Society》2007,44(3):24-31
214.
Thomas A. Petee Gregory S. Kowalski Don W. Duffield 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1994,19(1):117-132
The social disorganization perspective, as set forth by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay, has enjoyed renewed interest in criminological
explanations of crime and delinquency. This paper extends this perspective beyond the traditional intraurban focus of the
neighborhood to a more encompassing interurban model, using 682 SMSA counties. The results using these counties were generally
consistent with neighborhood studies, demonstrating the robustness of the social disorganization model. 相似文献
215.
216.
Using 3,130 counties and equivalents in the United States for 1980, this paper provides a test of the effects of rural population
and its component parts, controlling for other factors, on homicide rates, across the rural-urban continuum. The results indicate
that the percent rural population of a county continues to have an inhibitory effect upon homicide. However, this result is
influenced by the rural-urban context of the county. 相似文献
217.
218.
Brandon K. Applegate John P. Wright R. Gregory Dunaway Francis T. Cullen John D. Wooldredge 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1994,18(1):95-115
Existing research suggests that juries are more likely to condemn murderers to death when offenders are black victims are
white. It remains to be seen, however, whether these decisions reflect broader racial prejudices in society that are imported
into the jury room. If they do, then insuring equity in capital sentencing may be beyond reach. Accordingly, this study uses
factorial design methodology to examine whether members of the general public are more supportive of capital punishment when
asked to rate a vignette describing a murder involving a white victim and black offender as opposed to other victim-offender
racial combinations. Our analyses suggest that the race of the offender, but not the victim, has a significant influence on
support for capital punishment. Thus, procedural safeguards alone may be unable to eliminate racial bias in capital sentencing. 相似文献
219.
Improving public policy efficiency and effectiveness in land use planning is an established priority on the prevailing political agenda in the UK. Practical measures to enhance policy formulation in local land use development plans in Scotland offer an interesting case study of an attempt to improve policy consistency, and to secure efficiency gains in policy authorship. This article considers the specific focus on the drafting stage of public policy‐making drawing on insights provided by research into the production of model policies in Scotland. It questions the extent to which such an initiative will promote a more robust public policy‐making discipline in light of the policy cycle. The discussion of the case study illustrates a practical attempt by central government to enhance public policy‐making at the local level, while raising questions about the dangers of invoking a technocratic and instrumentalist approach to policy analysis. 相似文献
220.