Epidemiology of completed suicides in Singapore for 2001 and 2002

This study provides an analysis of 640 completed suicide cases in Singapore for the years 2001 and 2002, compared to previous years and in relation to demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as to the characteristics of a subgroup of suicide victims with prior psychiatric illness. There was little change in the suicide pattern over the 2 years studied compared to previous years. The sex ratio was constant at 1.5. Population-adjusted ratios were 1 for Chinese, 0.5 for Malays, and >1 for both Indians and other ethnic groups. Falling from heights ranked first in terms of method adopted for both years. A disproportionately higher number of suicides were recorded for the 25-34 and the > or =75-year-old age groups. A total of 47 (17.2%) in 2001 and 74 (20.2%) in 2002 of the cases had a history of prior psychiatric illness, with psychotic disorders being the most common diagnostic category. There was also a statistically significant correlation between unemployment and incidence rates. Although the overall rate of elderly suicides had gone down since the 1990s, prevention strategy should focus on the elderly as this rate is still about 3-4 times the national average.     

中国与安哥拉石油业的合作风险及规避措施

安哥拉已成为大国石油利益博弈的重要国家之一。对日益借助国际石油市场供应的中国来说,获取安哥拉优质石油同样是石油外交的重点。鉴于中国与安哥拉良好的关系,两国的石油业合作取得了很大成效,但安哥拉特殊的政治、经济环境,也使中安石油业合作面临挑战。探讨中国与安哥拉石油业合作面临的主要风险和挑战,以及进一步完善双方石油业合作的路径和方式,对中安石油业合作的长远发展乃至中国对非洲石油外交的战略构架具有重要价值,亦对中国有效规避海外石油业投资风险、保护海外石油利益意义深远。     

在京韩国留学生跨文化适应问题研究

本文将跨文化适应划分为社会文化适应和心理适应两个方面,通过对在京韩国留学生的开放式问卷调查以及个人访谈,证明虽然韩国留学生也会经历由不适到适应的曲折阶段。但几乎所有时间段的学生都不能适应和认同中国现有的社会公德意识和服务模式。生活时间1至2年的留学生跨文化适应,尤其是心理适应程度最低,抑郁症状相对较重。而在京生活4年以上的韩国留学生基本上都能适应中国的社会生活,且都把中国看作是自己的第二故乡。本文分析了影响韩国留学生跨文化适应的中韩两国社会文化观念和行为习惯的差异,探讨了中韩两国的不同意识结构。     

Peer Victimization and Social Anxiety in Adolescents: Prospective and Reciprocal Relationships

This study used a 2-month prospective research design to examine the bi-directional interplay between peer victimization and social anxiety among adolescents. Participants included 228 adolescents (58% female) in grades 10–12. Three types of peer victimization were examined: overt (physical aggression or verbal threats), relational (malicious manipulation of a relationship, such as by friendship withdrawal), and reputational (damaging another’s peer relationships, such as through rumor spreading). Adolescents’ self-reported feelings of social anxiety and peer victimization experiences were assessed at two time points, in November and January of the same school year. Peer victimization was strongly related to adolescents’ social anxiety, and relational victimization explained additional unique variance. Moreover, peer victimization was both a predictor and consequence of social anxiety over time, with the most robust results found for relational victimization. Limited support was obtained for gender as a moderating variable. Findings highlight the deleterious effects of peer victimization, especially relational victimization, and suggest avenues for future research and clinical intervention for adolescents experiencing such victimization.

美国行政裁决的非正式程序及其对我国的启示

美国非正式的行政裁决行为并没有普遍适用的规则。目前主要通过个别法律规定、联邦行政程序法中可以利用的规定以及宪法中的正当程序条款进行调整。我国应参照美国的经验,明确行政程序要求,建立一套科学、统一的行政程序。美国非正式行政程序与我国的具体行政程序相对应,其最低程序保障的内容适用范围,以及之后的救济方式都对我国的行政程序立法有极为重要的借鉴意义。     

犯罪心理学教学改革的实验研究

犯罪心理学是当前公安高校心理学课程体系中的核心课程,也是目前一些公安高校开设的唯一一门心理学课程.随着社会治安和犯罪形势的不断变化,要求警察必须具备良好的心理素质.公安高校承担着培养未来警察和提高在职警察的双重重任,加强心理素质教育成为公安高校的核心工作之一.而犯罪心理学的学科性质决定了其担负着实施心理素质的重任.本文以教学改革为入手点,结合犯罪心理学教学对心理素质的实施进行了尝试和探索.     

Making Use of Paradoxes: Law,Transboundary Hydropower Dams and Beyond the Technical

Law’s regulation of transboundary hydropower dams is a field of study brimming with paradoxes. The most notable being the paradox of a hydropower dam solving one problem and creating another. From a logical perspective, such a paradox would typically be viewed as an obstacle to be avoided because it brings everything to a standstill. But from a social perspective, paradoxes are not necessarily negative, as managing them also potentially enlightens and transforms planning systems. The latter perspective, which brings to analysis a kind of dynamism, is employed in this text. In order to work out the reoccurring patterns under which law might productively make use of paradoxes, this text therefore proposes the methodological tools of exposing and building upon paradoxes. Exposing paradoxes sets out to make more visible some of the unthought limitations, self-deceptions and self-contradictions which arise in modern planning practices, while building upon paradoxes attempts to open up headways towards a more adequate conceptualisation of the solutions which law can offer. The overall intention here being to offer a Luhmannian-inspired theoretical framework which illuminates the value of social systems theory as a methodological tool for describing the communicative challenges facing law’s regulation of transboundary hydropower power dams.     

Sore Loser Laws and Congressional Polarization

To enhance explanations for party polarization in the U.S. Congress, we focus on an unappreciated legal structure known as the sore loser law. By restricting candidates who lose partisan primaries from subsequently appearing on the general election ballot as independents or as nominees of other parties, these laws give greater control over ballot access to the party bases, thus producing more extreme major party nominees. Using several different measures of candidate and legislator ideology, we find that sore loser laws account for as much as a tenth of the ideological divide between the major parties.     

The Neurobiology of Fairness and Social Justice: An Introduction

The study of social justice has always been an interdisciplinary undertaking, but in recent years neurobiologists have joined scholars and scientists from other areas to tackle complex questions concerning fairness, empathy, equality, hierarchy, and ideological conflict and polarization. By synthesizing insights from multiple, mutually informative levels of analysis, it is possible to shed new light on basic biological processes that reflect, inspire, and inhibit the pursuit of a more just society. With this special issue we highlight groundbreaking research on the neurobiology of fairness and social justice, bringing together six articles that address core themes of social justice, including individual variability in definitions of fairness, the genetic basis of economic egalitarianism, neural bases of empathy in environmental and intergroup domains, and the neural and genetic correlates of ideological polarization. Taken in conjunction, these diverse contributions bring multiple theoretical perspectives and research methods to bear on the shared goal of understanding and promoting social justice.