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271.
Chelsea Cataldo-Ramirez M.S. Heather M. Garvin Ph.D. Luis Cabo M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(2):580-590
Anterior zygomatic projection (ZP) is historically referenced as a useful trait in ancestry estimation, particularly when differentiating between Native Americans and U.S. Whites and Blacks. However, methods of assessing ZP vary, are susceptible to multiple interpretations, and have not been quantitatively validated. This study uses 228 3D surface scans of U.S. Whites, U.S. Blacks, and Native Americans to quantitatively test the ZP methods published by Rhine in 1990 (Skeletal attribution of race: methods for forensic anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, 1990) and Bass in 1995 (Human osteology: a laboratory and field manual, Columbia, MO: Missouri Archaeological Society, 1995). Two ZP angles and two distances, representing method interpretations, were collected and analyzed via ANOVA and discriminant function analyses. Although significant ancestry differences were found across all variables, only the Bass inferior zygomatic distance successfully differentiated the pooled Native American group from pooled U.S. Whites/Blacks (73.7% correct). Arctic Native Americans, displaying the most projecting zygomas, are driving group differences. Significant overlap in measurement distributions were observed between groups in all variables, indicating limited forensic utility. 相似文献
272.
AbstractLimited exploration of young carers’ (YCs) impacts includes noncaregivers, thus reducing our understanding of YCs’ unique characteristics. Secondary comparative analyses of 124 YCs (n?=?72 females, Mage?=?12) and 124 noncarers were conducted to examine family, individual, and social contexts. Statistical analyses revealed YCs were different from non-YCs, suggesting caregiving could be a contributing factor in altering temperament and family dynamics as well as lowering self-esteem and raising the incidence of depressive symptoms. A comprehensive YC profile resulted from the findings. This profile may help promote identification and recognition of YCs. 相似文献
273.
Heather L. Ramey Michael A. Busseri Nishad Khanna Youth Net Hamilton Youth Net/Réseau Ado Ottawa Linda Rose-Krasnor 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(3):243-258
Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in many industrialized countries. We report evidence from a mediation
model linking greater youth activity engagement, spanning behavioral and psychological components, with lower suicide risk
through five hypothesized intrapersonal and interpersonal mediating factors. Self-report survey data (15% French, 85% English)
were gathered from a community sample of 5,015 Canadian adolescents participating in a mental health promotion program. Youth
(M
age = 15.77, SD = 1.42, 50% female) were from two urban centers in southern Ontario, Canada. Youth engagement (youth’s most important
type of activity, frequency of involvement, and psychological engagement), suicide risk predictive factors (self-esteem, current
concerns, depressive symptoms, coping ability, and connections with others), and suicide risk (ideation and attempts) were
assessed. Consistent with the hypothesized mediation model, enjoyment and stress in youth’s most important activity and various
activity types were associated with the various hypothesized suicide risk predictive factors, which in turn were related to
suicide risk. Implications for conceptualizations of youth engagement as a multidimensional construct and for suicide risk
prevention efforts are discussed. 相似文献
274.
The influence, if any, of emotional arousal on memory is a controversial topic in the literature. Much of the research on memory for emotionally arousing events has focused on a few specific issues (e.g., differences in types of details recalled in emotionally arousing and neutral events; increasing ecological validity). Although gaining more recent attention, a neglected area in the literature has been memory for instances of repeated, emotionally arousing events. This issue has important implications for understanding children's ability to recall events in a forensic setting. We review existing findings on memory for emotionally arousing events in general and particularly in children, children's memory for events that occur repeatedly, and then discuss the scarce research on repeated emotionally arousing events and the need for further research in this area. We conclude that although it is clear that children are capable of accurately reporting arousing and repeated experiences, it is also apparent that circumstances both within and outside the control of investigative interviewers influence this ability. 相似文献
275.
Heather E. Campbell 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1996,15(3):395-423
Extant models of public utility regulation assume that regulated firms make the same rate adjustment requests regardless of the political environment they will face during the rate case. Focusing on information asymmetries, the repeated interaction between the firm and the regulatory commission, and behavioral assumptions about the goals of regulators, a new model is proposed that assumes firms strategically and rationally plan their requests to respond to political and agency, as well as standard economic factors. An implication of the new model is that the effect of political factors, such as grassroots advocacy and regulator election, should be observed in request equations rather than in award equations where they are traditionally sought. This new model is tested using data from 54 telephone rate cases. The results indicate that firms do respond strategically to political factors (especially to regulator elections), and also to agency factors (such as workload), by increasing their requests. This partially explains a puzzling result in the literature and has implications for regulatory policy, interest group behavior, democratic institutions, and public management. 相似文献
276.
Anna Butlinski Heather Rowe Christopher Goddard Nicholas Freezer 《Journal of public child welfare》2019,13(2):170-195
The adoption of children from out-of-home care is uncommon in Australia and rarely occurs in the state of Victoria. This paper reports on how professionals involved in making decisions about the permanent placement of children explain the current rates of adoption from out-of-home care in Victoria. Interviews were conducted with eight child welfare specialists, eight adoption and permanent care specialists and five judicial officers. The current low rates of adoption were attributed to the effect of current legislation, the impact of past adoption practices and the establishment of a culture in Victoria in which adoption is now rarely considered an option for children in out-of-home care. 相似文献
277.
Jennifer L. Pechal Ph.D. Carl J. Schmidt M.D. M.P.H. Heather R. Jordan Ph.D. M. Eric Benbow Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(5):1399-1405
Previous postmortem microbiome studies have focused on characterizing taxa turnover during an undisturbed decomposition process. How coexisting conditions (e.g., frozen, buried, burned) affect the human microbiome at the time of discovery is less well understood. Microbiome data were collected from two pediatric cases at the Wayne County Medical Examiner in Michigan. The bodies were found frozen, hidden in a freezer for an extended time. Microbial communities were sampled from six external anatomic locations at three time points during the thawing process, prior to autopsy. The 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicon region was sequenced using high‐throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Microbial diversity increased, and there was a distinct shift in microbial community structure and abundance throughout the thawing process. Overall, these data demonstrate that the postmortem human microbiome changes during the thawing process, and have important forensic implications when bodies have been substantially altered, modified, and concealed after death. 相似文献
278.
Heather L. Dichter 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2016,27(2):340-359
ABSTRACTGermany’s post-war return to international sport was not uniform across all federations. The nature of each sport—summer versus winter, team versus individual—influenced the speed with which each international sport federation dealt with the issue of Germany’s return. Some federations allowed German participation even before they formally re-admitted the country to federation membership. However, sporting relations were not the only issue considered by international federations. The historical political relations between Germany and its smaller European neighbours were as important. The combination of the historical relationship amongst European states—especially memories of the Second World War—and internal sport federation dynamics affected state relations within the broader international system. The actions taken by the international sport federations provided examples—in areas that would not result in another world war or destroy Western alliances—of how Germany could return as a full member of the international community. The debates regarding Germany’s return across a number of international sport federations reveal the complex interaction among memory, politics, and practical matters. 相似文献
279.
Heather Hodges Colin Kuehl Sarah E. Anderson Phillip J. Ehret Cameron Brick 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2020,39(4):1076-1099
As populations increase and droughts intensify, water providers are using tools such as persuasive messaging to decrease residential water use. However, district-led messaging campaigns are rarely informed by psychological science, evaluated for effectiveness, or strategically disseminated. In collaboration with a water district, we report a field experiment among single-family households using persuasive messaging based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB). We randomly assigned 10,000 households to receive different mailings and measured household water use. All messaging reduced water consumption relative to the control. On average, water use dropped 0.68 hundred cubic feet (HCF) (509 gallons) per household in the first month. Had all 10,000 single-family, occupied, non-agricultural residences been mailed the IMB messaging, more than five million gallons would have been saved in the first month. The effects declined but persisted for approximately three months and were three to six times greater in households with high water use (75th to 90th percentiles) relative to average water use. These findings suggest that combining message elements from the IMB model can reduce residential water use and that targeting high-use households is particularly cost-effective. 相似文献
280.
Porcine bone is often used as a substitute for human bone in forensic trauma studies, but little has been published on its comparative mechanical behavior. The factors affecting mechanical properties and therefore selection of bone models are complex and include the age of the animal at death, and physiological loading conditions, the latter being of particular relevance when using a quadrupedal animal as a human substitute. The regional variation in hardness of adult and infant porcine bones was investigated using Vickers’ indentation tests and compared to published data for human limb bones to relate differences to inherent genetic effects and loading influences, and to examine the validity of the porcine‐human model. Significant differences in hardness were observed both along and around the adult porcine humerus and femur, but no significant differences were found along the length of the infant bones. Significant differences were found between the forelimb and hindlimb, but only in the infant specimens. The hardness values for porcine adult cortical bone from the femur (52.23 ± 1.00 kg mm?2) were comparable to those reported in the literature for adult human cortical bone from the fibula, ilium, and calcaneus. These data will help inform subject selection in terms of both species and bone type for use in future trauma studies. 相似文献