Mission Accomplished: Die Wiederwahl von George W. Bush

Ohne Zusammenfassung „A date which will live in infamy.“ (Franklin D. Roosevelt über den 7. Dezember 1941) „The Pearl Harbor of the 21 ^st century took place today.“ (George W. Bush am 11. September 2001) Für Anregungen bin ich Thomas Gschwend, Max Kaase, Albert-Leo Norpoth und Altfrid Norpoth dankbar.     

A longitudinal study of adolescents' future orientation (time perspective)

This longitudinal study was designed to test hypotheses concerning the influence of environmental changes in different groups (educational status; sex) of adolescents on their future orientation (FO). FO was measured through a free-response questionnaire on which the subjects indicated their hopes and fears (which were later categorized into various domains of life by independent judges). On a second questionnaire the subjects adjudged their present and future life in various given domains of life. The sample consisted of 24 male and 24 female adolescents, aged between 14–16 years at the time of the first measurement; the second measurement took place two years later. Half of the subjects of each sex were students at a Gymnasium (preparing for university study) at both times of measurement (high social status). The other half of the subjects of each sex were in their last year at the Hauptschule (continuation of elementary education) at the first time of measurement, and had taken up employment (e.g., an apprenticeship) by the time of the second measurement (low social status). At the time of the second measurement relatively more hopes and fears were voiced in the domains of personal development and occupation than at the first measurement. Independent of time of measurement, low-status subjects voiced relatively more hopes and fears related to the occupational domain, and boys had a more extended FO than girls. Low-status subjects — as compared to high-status subjects as well as to their own judgments at the first measurement — believed to a greater extent that the materialization of their hopes and fears depended on themselves rather than on external forces. These results support the assumption that FO cannot be dealt with as a global concept and that FO can be modified by change in the external environments, such as entry into an occupation.This study was conducted at the Sonderforschungsbereich 24, Sozial- und wirtschaftspsychologische Entscheidungsforschung, Universität Mannheim (West Germany), and financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, with support from the Government of Baden-Württemberg. The three authors have contributed equally to this article.Received her Ph.D. from Universität Mannheim. Major interests are judgment and planning of small groups, adolescents, delinquents, and married couples.Received his Ph.D. from Princeton University. Major interests are small group processes, negotiation, and justice.He graduated from Universität Mannheim. Major interest is sociology of organizations.     

Governance of professional sports leagues—Cooperatives versus contracts

Historically, European team sports leagues were run by their respective national and international associations and were legally independent from the professional clubs playing in these leagues. Recently, European leagues have adopted an organizational form similar to their North American counterparts who are organized since their beginning in a cooperative-like manner. Based on a comparative institutional analysis, we explain the advantages of the cooperative form of league organization over contractual governance. With our four-stage game-theoretic model, we show that contractual governance of sports leagues leads to larger investment distortions than cooperative league organization.     

Schadenersatzreform: Der Gegenentwurf eines Arbeitskreises

Gegen den Diskussionsentwurf für ein neues ?sterr Schadenersatzrecht wurden heftige Bedenken ge?u?ert. Die Kritiker haben nun einen Gegenentwurf vorgelegt, der blo? eine Teilreform vorsieht. In den folgenden Ausführungen wird auf die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile einer Gesamt- und einer Teilreform eingegangen. Ferner wird der Gegenentwurf an dem Ma?stab gemessen, den dessen Verfasser an den Entwurf angelegt haben.     

Die Gewichtigkeit des Themas der Gesundheit führt dazu,dass dem Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung gegenüber dem Schutz der Ehre der höhere Stellenwert zukommt

Werden in einer Wanderausstellung mit dem Titel "Der Holocaust auf Ihrem Teller" unmittelbar nebeneinander Fotos aus Konzentrationslagern der Nazizeit mit Bildern aus Massentierhaltung und Tierschlachtung gegenübergestellt, so liegt in der Meinungs?u?erung kein direkter Angriff gegen das Kollektiv (die Juden); die Meinungs?u?erung ist vielmehr ein Vergleich des tragischen Schicksals von Insassen in nationalsozialistischen Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslagern mit der Situation von Tieren in Massentierhaltungen. Die Gewichtigkeit des Themas der Gesundheit führt dazu, dass dem verfassungsrechtlich geschützten Recht auf freie Meinungs?u?erung gegenüber dem Schutz der Ehre der h?here Stellenwert zukommt, solange nicht ein Wertungsexzess feststellbar w?re. Die pers?nliche Betroffenheit des Einzelnen von einer gegen eine gro?e Zahl von Personen gerichteten ehrverletzenden ?u?erung h?ngt von der Identifizierbarkeit des namentlich nicht genannten Einzelnen ab. Auch bei der Verletzung von Pers?nlichkeitsrechten kommt es auf den Handlungsort an.