Siemens' ‘Anglo‐Saxon’ strategy: Is globalising business enough?

In the 1990s German conglomerates have attempted to move towards Anglo‐Saxon business values. Siemens saw shareholder value as the key measure of competitiveness. To become more Anglo‐Saxon, the strategy of Siemens was to globalise its business and change corporate culture. These changes have proved to be insufficient. Vertically integrated conglomerates need to break up their business empires, focus on their core competencies and move towards de‐integrated networking relations if they want high stock‐market performance.     

Procedural Issues in the Anti-Dumping Regulations of China: A Critical Review under the WTO Rules

Since the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established, Chinahas made large-scale efforts to shape its trade remedy systemthrough legal and organizational changes. Through these changes,China could clarify the meanings of WTO anti-dumping provisionsincluding the provision relating to the definition of domesticindustry. Moreover, procedural disciplines on reviews were fortifiedin Chinese anti-dumping system. While the overall improvementsto the trade remedy system of China are evident, definitionsof several key legal terms, including the concept of "relatedproducers", the negligible import standard, and adjustment factorsfor a fair comparison between normal values and export pricesare still absent, and some legal problems relating to priceundertakings and the countermeasure system remain to be solved.China should continue to proceed with the task of clarificationand improvement of its trade rules.     

Effect of wrist restraint on maximal exercise capacity in healthy volunteers

Each year, reports occur of deaths in individuals, while struggling against physical restraint. The mechanism of these deaths remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of wrist restraint on cardiorespiratory function during maximal exercise. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent 3 incremental maximal exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. In a randomized order, they exercised while unrestrained, with the wrists tied in front of the body or wrists tied behind the back. The primary outcome measures were the number of minutes exercised in each position and heart rate and whole blood lactate level for each stage and on reaching maximum exercise capacity. The mean exercise duration was 19 minutes 6 seconds unrestrained (95% confidence interval [CI] 16 minutes 52 seconds to 20 minutes 57 seconds), 18 minutes 51 seconds (95% CI 17 minutes 51 seconds to 20 minutes 50 seconds) with arms restrained in front and 16 minutes 51 seconds (95% CI 14 minutes 6 seconds to 19 minutes 20 seconds) with the arms restrained behind the body (P = 0.16). There was no significant difference in heart rate or lactate measurements. It is probable that other factors make a more important contribution than wrist restraint behind the body to cardiorespiratory compromise in a struggling and fatigued individual.     

A comparison of respiratory symptoms and inflammation in sudden infant death syndrome and in accidental or inflicted infant death

Upper respiratory infection and pulmonary inflammation are common in sudden infant death syndrome, but their role in the cause of death remains controversial. Controlled studies comparing clinical upper respiratory infection and inflammation in sudden infant death syndrome with sudden infant deaths caused by accidents and inflicted injuries (controls) are unavailable. Our aim was to compare respiratory inflammation and upper respiratory infection within 48 hours of death and postmortem culture results in these two groups. A retrospective analysis of upper respiratory infection and pathologic variables in the trachea and lung of 155 infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome and 33 control infants was undertaken. Upper respiratory infection was present in 39% of sudden infant death syndrome cases and 40% of control cases. Upper respiratory infection was more likely to have occurred in association with more severe lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis when sudden infant death syndrome cases and control cases were combined ( P=.04). Proximal and distal tracheal lymphocytic infiltration was more severe in control cases than in sudden infant death syndrome cases ( P=.01 and.01, respectively). Lymphocytic infiltrations of the bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary interstitium were similar between groups. Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue was more prominent in control cases ( P=.04). Cultures were positive in 80% of sudden infant death syndrome cases, 78% of which were polymicrobial. Among control cases, 89% were positive, with 94% being polymicrobial. This study confirms that microscopic inflammatory infiltrates in sudden infant death syndrome are not lethal.