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821.
Dawn L. Rothe Jeffrey Ian Ross Christopher W. Mullins David Friedrichs Raymond Michalowski Gregg Barak David Kauzlarich Ronald C. Kramer 《Critical Criminology》2009,17(1):3-13
Research and theorizing on state crime has come to play an important role in the fields of criminology and criminal justice
for understanding the worst of crimes: those of powerful state agencies and agents. Since William Chambliss’ (1989) ASC presidential address, scholars of state crime have made advances in theoretical modeling and analyzing core enactment
and etiological factors of crimes of the state (e.g., Barak 1991; Friedrichs 1998; Grabosky 1989; Kauzlarich and Kramer 1998; Kramer and Michalowski 2005; Kramer et al. 2005; Michalowski and Kramer 2006; Mullins and Rothe 2008a, b; Pearce 1976; Ross 1995, 2000; Rothe 2009; Rothe and Mullins 2006, 2008). Nonetheless, the study of state crime still has a long way to go before it ever reaches the magnitude or legitimacy afforded
to the study of traditional street crime. It is with this in mind that several leading scholars of state criminality have
come together and reevaluated the state of state crime and the ways in which the field must move forward. This kind of inventory,
where scholars examine the past, present and future of the field, is not without precedent. For example, almost a decade ago
(Ross et al. 1999) explored the difficulty of conducting state crime research and made a series of recommendations on how it could be improved.
Nearly 7 years later (Rothe and Friedrichs 2006) re-evaluated the state of state crime and called for more attention to those beyond US crimes of the state and include crimes
of globalization and also international controls such as the International Criminal Court (Friedrichs and Friedrichs 2007; Rothe and Mullins 2006; Rothe et al. 2006, 2008). Since that time, there has been substantial movement by scholars of state crime in these other areas, yet, as we note,
there still remains key issues that need to be addressed and overcome: it is with this that we again revisit the field of
state crime.
We wish to thank all of those that contributed to our discussions and thoughts during the American Society of Criminology
Roundtable on State Crime I and II, November 2007.
相似文献
Jeffrey Ian RossEmail: |
822.
Ian Turner 《Liverpool Law Review》2008,29(3):309-333
The definition of the irrationality ground of judicial review recognises the constitutional principle of the separation of
powers, in allowing for judicial control of the executive only very rarely. The author in a previous article in this study
found that the courts, on occasions, had intervened in circumstances where administrative decisions arguably were not irrational.
To this end, the purpose of this article is to assess the constitutionality of these seemingly low standards of irrationality.
The author does so by reference either to the manner of review employed—the use of the proportionality principle, for example—or
the context of the administrative decision under scrutiny, such as the infringement of the applicant’s fundamental rights.
The author finds that the cases from the previous article where low standards of irrationality were arguably adopted were,
in fact, legitimate according to these chosen methods of evaluation. However, this is an interim conclusion because, for reasons
of word length, the author is unable to complete a full assessment here. It is therefore proposed that a subsequent article
will continue to examine the constitutionality of these cases. Furthermore, the author will also try and establish a zone
of executive decision-making, for reasons of democracy, where the courts are excluded from irrationality review. If the author
is unsuccessful in this regard, the final conclusion of this study will inevitably be that low standards of judicial intervention
exist without limit—a clear assault on the constitutional principle stated above.
相似文献
Ian TurnerEmail: |
823.
Freckelton I 《Journal of law and medicine》2008,15(5):794-802
The author identifies the evolution of discourse about human rights to health in medical law, health law and public health law, as well as in major international instruments. He emphasises the importance of General Comment No 14 on Art 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. He argues that its breadth but also its specificity in terms of accountable benchmarks and measures of health service provision are likely to frame discourse on "rights to health" in the succeeding years. He identifies the need for translation of the rhetoric in such instruments into meaningful and patient-informed data so that it becomes possible to compare and contrast advances (or otherwise) in rights to health within and among different countries. 相似文献
824.
Ian Scott 《公共行政管理与发展》2021,41(1):12-22
Traditional bureaucracies, defined in Weberian terms, are almost invariably seen as antithetical to innovation. Yet, although the academic literature presents an array of formidable structural barriers to the emergence and implementation of new ideas, innovation does occur in traditional bureaucracies. How can the structural impediments be overcome? What are the processes that enable innovation to take place? Based on a longitudinal study of the Hong Kong government's innovation policies and practices, it is argued that political context is a critical variable explaining how, even in rigid traditional bureaucracies, barriers may be avoided or temporarily suspended. Two contrasting case studies are used to illustrate, first, the importance of political commitment in gaining acceptance for new ideas and, second, the failure of agencies dedicated to innovation to achieve their objectives. It is postulated that circumventing structural barriers or working through political channels to reduce their impact may be a more constructive strategy than creating dedicated agencies to develop innovative measures. The study is grounded in a literature review, documentary evidence from the Hong Kong government's innovative agencies, and interviews with senior staff from those agencies. 相似文献
825.
Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen Feie Herkes Ian Leistikow Jos Verkroost Femke de Vries Wilte G. Zijlstra 《Regulation & Governance》2021,15(1):17-31
Decision transparency is often proposed as a way to maintain or even increase citizen trust, yet this assumption is still untested in the context of regulatory agencies. We test the effect of transparency of a typical decision tradeoff in regulatory enforcement: granting forbearance or imposing a sanction. We employed a representative survey experiment (n = 1,546) in which we test the effect of transparency in general (providing information about a decision or not) and the effect of specific types of transparency (process or rationale transparency). We do this for agencies supervising financial markets, education, and health care. We find that overall decision transparency significantly increases citizen trust in only two of the three agencies. Rationale transparency has a more pronounced positive effect only for the Education Inspectorate. We conclude that the overall effect of decision transparency is positive but that the nature of the regulatory domain may weaken or strengthen this effect. 相似文献
826.
827.
Heather Rowe 《Computer Law & Security Report》2002,18(6):439
On 13 December 2000, British Telecom (BT) filed what must be one of the more unlikely patent infringement actions to have come before the courts recently. As a result of a routine review of its global patent portfolio, BT made the somewhat serendipitous discovery that it owns an old US patent which, according to BT, covers the concept of hyperlinking. The patent was granted in 1989 and is due to run until 2006. Similar patents were filed around the world, but have all now expired. This article explores the passage of the dispute in the US courts and explains how BT’s case came to flounder at the first hurdle. 相似文献
828.
829.
830.
Freckelton I 《Journal of law and medicine》2006,14(2):151-155
The 2006 Report of the Law Reform Committee of the Victorian Parliament into the Coroners Act 1985 (Vic) is a substantial and visionary document which has the potential to take coronial law reform in important new directions. It draws upon a range of reforms trialled in other jurisdictions, but proposes to consolidate a new role for the coroner as a public health official with a formally acknowledged focus on facilitating avoidance of avoidable deaths. Some of its Shipman-inspired proposals require further consideration but the general tenor of the Report - to recognise the distinctive functions of inquests and their potential to alleviate community concerns, respond to family members' needs and reduce the potential for dangerous conduct--deserves support. 相似文献