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981.
Self-harm is widely recognized as a significant adolescent social problem, and recent research has begun to explore its etiology.
Drawing from Agnew’s (1992) social psychological strain theory of deviance, this study considers this issue by testing three hypotheses about the effects
of traditional and cyber bullying victimization on deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideation. The data come from a school-based
survey of adolescents in a rural county of a southeastern state (n = 426); 50% of subjects are female, their mean age was 15 years, and non-Hispanic whites represent 66% of the sample. The
analysis revealed that both types of bullying are positively related to self-harm and suicidal ideation, net of controls.
Moreover, those relationships are partially mediated by the negative emotions experienced by those who are bullied and partially
moderated by features of the adolescent’s social environment and self. Regarding the latter, exposure to authoritative parenting
and high self-control diminished the harmful effects of bullying victimization on self-harm and suicidal ideation. The article
concludes by discussing the implications of these conclusions for future research and for policy efforts designed to reduce
self-harm. 相似文献
982.
The present study examined the longitudinal links between perceptions of family connectedness and body satisfaction in 1,774
(52% female) adolescents. Participants (10–15 years of age at Time 1) completed self-report measures at three measurement
occasions separated by 1 year each. Mean group difference results showed that both body satisfaction levels and perceived
levels of family connectedness decreased over 2 years for the whole sample. As expected, girls were generally less satisfied
with their bodies than boys, particularly in the older cohort. Structural equation modelling was used to assess stability
coefficients and cross-lagged effects, and longitudinal bidirectional effects between perceptions of family connectedness
and body satisfaction were found for girls, but not for boys. This result suggests that adolescent girls’ body satisfaction
is both affected by and a predictor of perceived family connectedness. 相似文献
983.
Jennifer Brown Urban Selva Lewin-Bizan Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(7):783-800
Extracurricular activities provide a key context for youth development, and participation has been linked with positive developmental
outcomes. Using data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), this study explored how the intentional self
regulation ability of youth interacted with participation in extracurricular activities to affect PYD among adolescents living
in neighborhoods with relatively low ecological assets. In total, 545 youth were included in the study (50.3% female). Most
of the youth were European American (41%) or Latino (37%; African American, 10%; Asian American, 7%; Native American, 4%;
and other, 1%). In general, youth with the greatest capacity to self regulate benefitted the most, as compared to their peers
with less capacity to self regulate, from involvement in extracurricular activities. Consistent with a developmental systems
perspective, and specifically with bioecological theory, the findings from this study confirmed that, within lower asset settings,
children with the most positive person-level factors (intentional self regulation) benefit the most from proximal processes
such as extracurricular activity involvement. 相似文献
984.
Using a risk and resiliency theoretical framework, the association between interparental conflict and academic achievement
was examined. The sample consisted of 2,297 6th grade youth with a mean age of 11.92. Participants were mostly European American
(81.8%) and 52% were girls. Results demonstrated that interparental conflict is a risk factor for lower academic achievement,
suggesting that family interactions play a significant role in how youth perform in the academic setting. Youth self-blame
acted as a significant mediator, providing some explanation for how interparental conflict affects academic achievement. Maternal
acceptance and monitoring knowledge partially buffered the association between interparental conflict and youth self-blame.
Additionally, the positive association between interparental conflict and perceived threat was stronger for youth who perceived
relationships with mothers as more supportive, connected, and involved. Results from this study underscore the need for continued
focus on the link between family and school environments with respect to youth developmental outcomes. 相似文献
985.
986.
Steinunn Gestsdottir Edmond Bowers Alexander von Eye Christopher M. Napolitano Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(7):764-782
Intentional self regulation describes how people make choices, plan actions to reach their goals, and regulate the execution
of their actions, making processes of intentional self regulation central to healthy human functioning. Prior research has
confirmed the presence of three processes of intentional self regulation—elective selection (ES), optimization (O), and compensation
(C)—in middle adolescence (Grades 8 through 10) and concurrent and predictive relationships with measures of Positive Youth
Development (PYD). A fourth process, loss-based selection (LBS), should also develop by the end of middle adolescence. The
present study used data from the 4-H Study of PYD to confirm the presence of a four-scale structure of intentional self regulation
(ES, O, C, and LBS) in a sample of 2,357 racially diverse Grade 10 youth (63% female) and examine its covariation with indicators
of positive and problematic development. Results supported the identification of a four-part structure of intentional self
regulation, and scores covaried positively with indicators of PYD and negatively with substance use, delinquency, and depressive
symptoms. Implications of the findings for the understanding of self-regulatory actions in adolescence and for future research
are discussed. 相似文献
987.
Oscar W. Gabriel Ulf Bohmann Daniel Gaus Emanuel Richter Annika Frisch Helga Haftendorn Dirk Berg-Schlosser Frank Bönker Dennis-Jonathan Mann Christian Tuschhoff Karsten Schmitz Jared Sonnicksen Heinrich Pehle Marco Schäferhoff Wilhelm Bleek Jürgen Petersen 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2009,50(3):646-690
988.
The riskiness of state employee pension plan portfolios varies across states. We investigate whether this variation is related to how public employees and taxpayers share actuarial surpluses of pension accounts. We focus on two determinants of a plan’s asset mix: the relative influence of public employees to taxpayers; and whether a surplus-sharing contract is specified. Our theoretical model demonstrates that the effect of public employee influence on the asset mix is ambiguous. Our empirical results corroborate this complex theoretical result. In our theoretical and empirical analyses, if a surplus sharing rule is specified, plans adopt a more aggressive investment allocation. 相似文献
989.
990.
Klaus-Gert Lutterbeck Armin Schäfer Andreas Heyer Christian Kaiser Helga Haftendorn Sandra Seubert Christian Bala Ralf J. Leiteritz Frank Dietrich Christian Brütt Christian Reisinger Alexander Warkotsch Mandana Biegi Burkhard Conrad Christian Stecker 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2009,50(2):327-363
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献