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81.
Research of parenting in conflictual and violent families suggests that battered mothers (i.e., those experiencing verbal
and/or physical abuse by their partner) may not parent very differently from demographically similar nonbattered mothers.
However, battered mothers do report being less consistent in their discipline. In the present study, 104 mothers and their
children from community nonviolent and violent families and shelter violent and violent abusive families participated in interviews
to obtain information about child functioning and authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parental practices. It was
the case that authoritative practices were associated with more positive child functioning and that parental inconsistency,
defined in terms of endorsing conflictual parenting practices, was associated with poorer child outcome. Groups of mothers
were identified that fit different patterns of parenting practices, and these patterns were differentially related to children's
functioning. 相似文献
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Alfred Blumstein Jacqueline Cohen Somnath Das Soumyo D. Moitra 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1988,4(4):303-345
Crime-type switching between arrests is examined for tendencies by adult offenders to specialize in crime types or to escalate in seriousness as offending continues. The adult offenders examined display higher levels of specialization than have been previously reported for juveniles; among adult offenders, those who remain criminally active until older ages are also more specialized. Also, there is some evidence of trends toward a worsening of offending: for selected crime types, adult offending becomes more specialized and escalates in seriousness for white offenders. However, similar trends are not observed for black adult offenders.Work on this paper was completed while at the School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University. 相似文献
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The need for improved long-run projections of prison populations has increased in recent years because of record-high numbers of inmates and severe overcrowding in state and federal prisons, and because of the growing importance of changing demographic factors in influencing corrections populations. A model is developed for projecting: general population demographics; demographic- and offense-specific arrest rates, imprisonment probabilities, and times served; and then the size and composition of prison populations. Model parameters are estimated for Pennsylvania and are shown to be sensitive to demographic factors, particularly age and race. Projections of future arrests, prison commitments, and prison population are developed for Pennsylvania using projections of demographic changes in the state's population. Arrests are expected to peak in 1980, prison commitments are expected to peak in 1985, and prison populations are expected to peak in 1990, with the subsequent declines reflecting the maturation of the postwar baby boom children out of the highly crime-prone ages and, somewhat later, out of the highly prison-prone ages. 相似文献
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Karen Bridget Murray Jacqueline Low Angela Waite 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》2006,49(3):375-392
Abstract: This paper examines the realignment of government from a street‐level vantage point. Gleaning inspiration from studies of governmentality and institutional ethnography, the study argues that street‐level processes were intertwined with the consolidation of neoliberal forms of rule. This connection was evident in the growing centrality of voluntary organizations in social administration, which went hand‐in‐hand with a normalization of more extreme forms of poverty. In making this case, the paper draws on research conducted in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick. Sommaire: Le présent article examine le réalignement du gouvernement sous l'angle du point de vue du grand public. S'inspirant d‘études sur la gouvernementalité et l'ethnographie institutionnelle, l'article soutient que les processus grand public ont été entrelacés avec la consolidation des formes néolibérales de règlement. Cette connexion fut évidente dans la centralité croissante des organismes bénévoles au sein de l'administration sociale, qui alla de concert avec une normalisation de formes de pauvreté plus extrêmes. Pour défendre ce point de vue, l'article se fonde sur des travaux de recherche menés à Fredericton et Saint John au Nouveau‐Brunswick. 相似文献
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‘Strategic foresight’ is a technique used by institutions to prepare for a technology‐charged future. It involves considering how the institution might look in the future. In doing so, it enables the institution to prepare for and achieve the preferred future. This article explores what the process of strategic foresight has to offer common law criminal justice systems, with a particular emphasis on the role of expert evidence in criminal jury trials. A hypothetical vision for the future set in 2030, which foresees the adoption of technological advances in the courtroom, is compared and contrasted with processes from a 2012 murder trial. We examine how a well‐designed digital courtroom could enhance the delivery of expert evidence. Considering ‘alternative future law scenarios’ can illuminate what a legal system is likely to need in times to come and can identify the necessary steps for beneficial adaptation via research, policies, and training. 相似文献