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841.
842.
The project approach to development assistance has been attacked for its inability to make results self-sustaining. This has been attributed to a short time horizon, an inability to pick up recurrent costs, and a tendency to either by-pass or fragment local institutions and therefore to neglect the need for local capacity building. At the same time, claims have been made that projects are politically advantageous due to quick high visibility results and they are useful instruments for experimentation, social learning and capacity building. This article examines both arguments and concludes that there is a need for radical changes in project development processes, but that there should not be a rush to abandon the project as an instrument for development. 相似文献
843.
844.
Bridget Williams 《East Asia》1994,13(3):13-30
For the past fifteen years of reform, China has opened its doors to broad economic changes and to the outside world. The decentralization of both agricultural and industrial reforms has increased its pollution problems. China is now at an important crossroads in terms of balancing economic growth and environmental protection in its economic decision-making. The leaders have attempted to curb environmental degradation during the reform years through national policy, laws and regulations, and propaganda. However, there is still much work to be done, specifically in the implementation of the regulations. The reforms have sought to improve the people’s standard of living, which requires both economic growth and a healthy environmenta in which to live. 相似文献
845.
The routine incorporation of forensic DNA profiling into the criminal justice systems of the United Kingdom has been widely promoted as a device for improving the quality of investigative and prosecutorial processes. From its first uses in the 1980s, in cases of serious crime, to the now daily collection, analysis and comparison of genetic samples in the National DNA Database, DNA profiling has become a standard instrument of policing and a powerful evidential resource for prosecutors. However, the use of post-conviction DNA testing has, until recently, been uncommon in the United Kingdom. This paper explores the first case, in England, of the contribution of DNA profiling to a successful appeal against conviction by an imprisoned offender. Analysis of the details of this case is used to emphasise the ways in which novel forms of scientific evidence remain subject to traditional and heterogeneous tests of relevance and credibility. 相似文献
846.
Paul Williams 《Cambridge Review of International Affairs》2002,15(1):53-63
This article explores why the New Labour government in Britain stopped using the former Foreign Secretary Robin Cook's notion of an 'ethical dimension' to present its foreign policy to the public. The article begins by tracing the rise of the 'ethical dimension' in New Labour's foreign policy pronouncements. It then surveys some of the debates about the party's foreign policy record, investigating how far its explicit appeal to ethics merely overlies traditional British foreign policy practices. The final section discusses three possible explanations for New Labour's decision to abandon the language of an 'ethical dimension'. It is argued that this decision suggests two important lessons for the future relationship of ethics to foreign policy. While explicit ethical standards provide important benchmarks for activists and public intellectuals, they can also serve to highlight the failures of an administration at the expense of more positive developments. Consequently, jettisoning the language of an 'ethical dimension' may actually encourage a more sophisticated public debate that moves beyond the facile and misleading belief that foreign policies are either 'ethical' or 'unethical'. 相似文献
847.
This paper explores some of the complexities of India’s urban growth since its first post-Independence census of 1951. Two
levels of analysis are pursued as they affect one another: numerical or demographic changes, on one hand, and changes in living
conditions, or sociocultural trends, on the other. The general conclusion of the study is that a process of “erosion” of traditional
society is occurring, but it is occurring slowly— as a population more than twice the size of the entire United States continues
to live in the countryside (and to increase at about twice the U.S. growth rate). Moreover, the sociocultural change is occurring
in a non-linear fashion, as much that is traditional endures along side of the modern—rather than being replaced or obliterated
by it. Finally, while the growth is occurring in cities of all sizes, the intermediate, regional capitals like Hyderabad and
ahmedabad—rather than the largest cities such as Bombay or Calcutta—are experiencing the most rapid growth.
Jay Weinstein is a professor of sociology and faculty research fellow at Eastern Michigan University. He has also taught at
the University of Iowa (1972–77) and Georgia Institute of Technology (1977–86). He has been involved in comparative development
studies for over twenty years, beginning with his Ph.D. fieldwork in India in 1971. His current interests include Canadian
Studies and Eastern Europe. He visited Bulgaria in February–March, 1991 as a member of a U.S. Information Agency Citizen Exchange
Project. 相似文献
848.
849.
Analysis of the vitreous humour from an individual's eyes collected at the same time since death showed variation between the eyes in the concentration of potassium, sodium and/or urate. This previously unreported finding would limit the use of measuring these electrolytes in determining the time of death. 相似文献
850.