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171.
Mark Thomas Tina Cockburn Jennifer Yule 《International Journal of the Legal Profession》2017,24(3):295-317
Plagiarism in the context of the law is a highly nuanced and complex concept, involving consideration of academic integrity and disciplinary rules and assessments of intent, which colour the responses of both universities and courts when confronted by the misuse of others’ words and ideas without appropriate referencing. Within academia, plagiarism is treated as ‘a capital offence’. In the context of admission as a lawyer, professional admissions boards in Australia use findings of major plagiarism at university as a reason for denying or delaying admission to practice on two grounds: firstly, if it amounts to cheating per se, as being indicative of a character flaw inconsistent with the character requirements of officers of the court; and secondly on the related basis that it is (or is assumed to be) a reliable predictor of future professional misconduct. Given this, Australian universities must educate students about academic integrity and referencing (particularly in the digital age, where sources and opportunities for misconduct are escalating), provide law students with training and practice in appropriate use of others’ material, and provide relevant information to students about the implications of findings of misconduct being made against them. This is important because, while there is a widespread perception that plagiarism ceases to be a consideration after admission as a lawyer, this is not supported by the decided cases. 相似文献
172.
Sonya Buffone Allison Chenier Jennifer L. Schulenberg Damian Sycz 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2017,42(2):293-313
Systems change efforts seek to alter the status quo by shifting the form and function of a targeted system. Evaluation is a critical component, yet little research has examined a collaborative forum as a vehicle for change in the criminal justice system. Over 150 citizens and police were brought together to work collaboratively at improving a Canadian police complaints system. Using survey, participant observation, and focus group data, this study investigates the perceptions of this Forum as a vehicle for systems change in police oversight mechanisms. We find the Forum provided both opportunities for, and barriers to, collaborative systems change work. However, these findings need to be understood within the context of police-community relations as fear and mistrust of police influence problem definitions and potential solutions. Therefore, the collaboratives model is not a one-size-fits-all approach to systems change work in the criminal justice system. 相似文献
173.
A particular source of anxiety for many immigrants is personal safety. This study examines the levels and correlates of perceived risk of crime among two understudied immigrant groups, Arab and Chinese immigrants, who resided in an understudied geographic area, the Detroit metropolitan area. Results suggested several universal and immigrants-specific correlates that are significant predictors of Arab and/or Chinese immigrants' perceptions of crime, including self-defense ability, police effectiveness, neighborhood collective efficacy, language proficiency, expectation of U.S. crime condition prior to arrival, and perception of home society crime. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
174.
Previous research has considered the psychologist’s professional transition from trainee to independent practitioner. However, this work has generally focused on the experiences of psychotherapists or general psychologists. The purpose of the current commentary is to reflect on the experiences of early professional forensic evaluators. This commentary addresses four specific areas including difficulties with adversarial allegiance, perceptions of professional competency, balancing responsibilities associated with “expert” status, and roadblocks to standard test administration and scoring. When applicable, we reference empirical literature and professional ethical guidelines. We also offer suggestions for coping with these experiences. We hope this commentary will normalize these experiences for other early career evaluators as well as aid graduate students’ transition into the independent evaluator role. 相似文献
175.
Studies with adults of social dominance orientation (SDO), a preference for inequality among social groups, have found correlations
with various prejudices and support for discriminatory practices. This study explores the construct among adolescents at an
age when they are beginning to recognize the social groups in their environment, particularly adolescent crowds. The relationship
of SDO and perceptions of parents’ responsiveness and demandingness were also investigated. Subjects were in grades 9–12 (N = 516, 53% female, 96% White). Mother’s and father’s responsiveness significantly predicted adolescent’s SDO scores, with
greater perceived responsiveness associated with lower SDO. To analyze the multiple crowd memberships of the 76% belonging
to more than one crowd, two-step cluster analysis was used to identify patterns, resulting in 8 clusters of distinct, heterogeneous
composition. SDO differed significantly among males in different clusters, but not females. The importance of membership was
positively associated with SDO among high-status crowds and negatively associated with SDO among the academic and normal crowds.
The findings have implications for prejudices that may be developing in adolescence and indicate a need for further research
into the social context of SDO and its development. 相似文献
176.
Rübab G. Arım V. Susan Dahinten Sheila K. Marshall Jennifer D. Shapka 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(2):207-220
This study examined reciprocal relationships between adolescents’ perceptions of parental nurturance and two types of adolescent
aggressive behaviors (indirect and direct aggression) using a transactional model. Three waves of longitudinal data were drawn
from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. The sample included 1,416 (735 female) adolescents who
were 10- and 11-year-olds at Time 1 and became 14-and 15-year-olds at Time 3. The findings failed to support reciprocal effects,
but confirmed parental effects at different ages for girls and boys. For girls, perceptions of parental nurturance at age
10 were negatively associated with both indirect and direct aggression at age 12. For boys, perceptions of parental nurturance
at age 12 were negatively associated with both aggressive behaviors at age 14. Future research should continue to investigate
reciprocal effects in parent-adolescent relationships to identify developmental periods where the effect of adolescents’ or
their parents’ behavior may be stronger. 相似文献
177.
178.
Tarditi CR Grahn RA Evans JJ Kurushima JD Lyons LA 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(Z1):S36-S46
Approximately 81.7 million cats are in 37.5 million U.S. households. Shed fur can be criminal evidence because of transfer to victims, suspects, and/or their belongings. To improve cat hairs as forensic evidence, the mtDNA control region from single hairs, with and without root tags, was sequenced. A dataset of a 402-bp control region segment from 174 random-bred cats representing four U.S. geographic areas was generated to determine the informativeness of the mtDNA region. Thirty-two mtDNA mitotypes were observed ranging in frequencies from 0.6-27%. Four common types occurred in all populations. Low heteroplasmy, 1.7%, was determined. Unique mitotypes were found in 18 individuals, 10.3% of the population studied. The calculated discrimination power implied that 8.3 of 10 randomly selected individuals can be excluded by this region. The genetic characteristics of the region and the generated dataset support the use of this cat mtDNA region in forensic applications. 相似文献
179.
The chemical composition of fingermarks could potentially be important for determining investigative leads, placing individuals at the time of a crime, and has applications as biomarkers of disease. Fingermark samples containing triacylglycerols (TAGs) and other components were analyzed using laser desorption/ionization (LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS). Only LDI appeared to be useful for this application while conventional matrix-assisted LDI-TOF MS was not. Tandem MS was used to identify/confirm selected TAGs. A limited gender comparison, based on a simple t-distribution and peaks intensities, indicated that two TAGs showed gender specificity at the 95% confidence level and two others at 97.5% confidence. Because gender-related TAGs differences were most often close to the standard deviation of the measurements, the majority of the TAGs showed no gender specificity. Thus, LDI-TOF MS is not a reliable indicator of gender based on fingermark analysis. Cosmetic ingredients present in some samples were identified. 相似文献
180.