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141.
In April 2010 the New Zealand Family Court introduced the National Early Intervention Process (NEIP) to diversify its previous unitary dispute resolution pathway into two tracks (standard and urgent). A “triage” model is now in use to assess and assign cases appropriately. This article outlines the key milestones in the Family Court's 30‐year history which have led to this new initiative to reduce delays and help avoid the escalation of family conflicts over the care of children into bitter and intractable disputes. NEIP represents the most overarching reform of the Family Court since the Court's inception in 1981. 相似文献
142.
143.
Changes in federal government relations with First Nations and Métis in Canada have been described as shifting over time, from fur trade colonialism, to welfare colonialism, to neoliberal partnerships. Acknowledging changes and continuities in Aboriginal peoples–state relations over time, this article examines the effects of recent policies that emphasize private–public partnerships for economic development on Indigenous communities in northern Alberta. We argue that while the term ‘partnership’ connotes equality, cooperation, and consensus, the actual workings of partnerships are anything but equal, and the effects include fragmentation, competition, and lack of overall accountability. These outcomes work against the needs and aspirations of Indigenous communities. 相似文献
144.
145.
Ahmed Alshumaimri Taylor Aldridge David B. Audretsch 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2010,35(6):585-596
This paper explains why and how a technology transfer revolution is taking place in Saudi Arabia to meet the mandate that
Saudi Arabia become globally competitive as a knowledge-based innovative economy. The paper explains and identifies the new
policies and institutions that have been introduced and developed to facilitate technology transfer and knowledge spillovers
from the universities for commercialization and ultimately innovative activity and economic growth. The paper finds that a
technology transfer revolution in Saudi Arabia is taking place, with the goal of leapfrogging from the factor-based stage
of economic development to the innovation-based stage of economic development, while bypassing the intermediary efficiency-based
stage of economic development. 相似文献
146.
In this study, we randomly assigned 123 sixth and seventh grade classrooms from seven middle schools in the greater Cleveland
area to one of two five-session curricula addressing gender violence/sexual harassment (GV/SH) or to a no-treatment control
group. A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys were administered immediately after the treatment (Wave 2) and about six
months post-treatment (Wave 3). In an earlier paper, we demonstrated the effectiveness of two approaches to youth GV/SH prevention
programming (a fact-based, law and justice curriculum and an interaction-based curriculum). In this paper, we explored whether
these largely positive findings remain for both girls and boys, including whether girls experience higher levels of GV/SH
than boys. Most of our statistical models proved to be non-statistically significant. However, in 2 of our 48 victimization/perpetration
(any violence, sexual violence and non-sexual violence) models (across two post-intervention follow-up points), we observed
that the interventions reduced peer (male or female, non-dating partner) sexual violence victimization and reduced peer perpetration,
but another outcome model indicated that the interventions increased dating perpetration. These mixed findings will need to
be explored further in future research. Regarding our primary research question, we observed no statistically significant
differences for the treatment multiplied by gender interaction terms for any of the perpetration or victimization outcome
models, suggesting that the treatment had similar effects on girls and boys. However, we did observe that boys are more involved
in violence than girls: both as victims and perpetrators. Boys experienced significantly more of three types of victimization
from peers and dating partners compared to what girls experienced at the hands of their peers and dating partners. As perpetrators,
boys committed more sexual victimization against peers (immediately post-intervention only) and more sexual victimization
against dating partners than girls. The implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
147.
Verity Wainwright Charlotte Lennox Sharon McDonnell Jenny Shaw Jane Senior 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2018,29(1):146-162
Ex-armed forces personnel constitute the largest known occupational group in prison but there is little evidence regarding their mental health, or substance misuse, needs. A total of 105 participants were interviewed and measures assessing symptoms of common mental health (CMH) problems and substance misuse were completed along with a review of their health care records. Forty (38%) participants screened for current CMH problems (CCMH) and high levels of dual symptomology and alcohol misuse were assessed. Thirty-nine (37%) had a mental health diagnosis recorded, most commonly for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and personality disorder. Those who screened for a CCMH problem were more likely to have pre-service vulnerability to negative health outcomes and those with dual symptomology were more likely to have experienced deployment during their service. Findings suggest the mental health needs of this group are similar to the general prison population. Potentially higher prevalences of PTSD and alcohol misuse may direct service provision. 相似文献
148.
149.
Jason Gravel Blake Allison Jenny West-Fagan Michael McBride George E. Tita 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2018,34(1):189-219
Objectives
This study proposes a theoretical framework for understanding two empirical findings from gang research: (1) gangs are generally racially homogenous, even in heterogeneous environments, and (2) gang violence tends to be intra-racial. We draw from the extensive literature on street gangs as well as from research on group formation and status-enhancing behavior to develop a theoretical model of gang formation.Methods
Using game theory, we model the simultaneous decisions of individuals to commit status-enhancing acts of violence and to seek protection by joining a gang. We then conduct computer simulations to examine the resulting patterns of violence and gang composition.Results
We demonstrate that as long as some social distance exists between racial groups in a community, gang violence will be intra-racial and gangs will be homogenous. We find that our results are robust to a number of simple variations of the model and allow us to generate several hypotheses about the nature of gang formation and patterns of violence.Conclusions
When violence is motivated by socially constructed rewards, socially closer targets are likely to yield greater rewards. In such a system, individuals must reduce their likelihood of victimization by entering a social contract of non-violence (i.e. gang membership) with individuals who might view them as status-enhancing targets (i.e. socially close individuals). The result is that gangs are made up of socially close individuals interested in attacking other socially close individuals. Therefore, gangs tend to be racially homogenous and violence is overwhelmingly intra-racial.150.
This article describes a New Zealand forensic agency's contextual information management protocol for bloodstain pattern evidence examined in the laboratory. In an effort to create a protocol that would have minimal impact on current work-flow, while still effectively removing task-irrelevant contextual information, the protocol was designed following an in-depth consultation with management and forensic staff. The resulting design was for a protocol of independent-checking (i.e. blind peer-review) where the checker's interpretation of the evidence is conducted in the absence of case information and the original examiner's notes or interpretation(s). At the conclusion of a ten-case trial period, there was widespread agreement that the protocol had minimal impact on the number of people required, the cost, or the time to complete an item examination. The agency is now looking to adopt the protocol into standard operating procedures and in some cases the protocol has been extended to cover other laboratory-based examinations (e.g. fabric damage, shoeprint examination, and physical fits). The protocol developed during this trial provides a useful example for agencies seeking to adopt contextual information management into their workflow. 相似文献