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341.
Luke Clements 《Journal of law and society》1999,26(1):72-85
The proposed incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into the main stream of the United Kingdom's common law system has a number of historical parallels. This article considers what can usefully be drawn from these parallels and then analyses why the modern state feels impelled to take (what appears to be) such a fundamental constitutional step. It considers whether the incorporation agenda is in fact a more subtle discourse initiated by the 'Establishment' and designed to divert attention from matters of greater sensitivity to the state. 相似文献
342.
Case linkage involves identifying crime series on the basis of behavioral similarity and distinctiveness. Research regarding
the behavioral consistency of serial rapists has accumulated; however, it has its limitations. One of these limitations is
that convicted or solved crime series are exclusively sampled whereas, in practice, case linkage is applied to unsolved crimes.
Further, concerns have been raised that previous studies might have reported inflated estimates of case linkage effectiveness
due to sampling series that were first identified based on similar modus operandi (MO), thereby overestimating the degree
of consistency and distinctiveness that would exist in naturalistic settings. We present the first study to overcome these
limitations; we tested the assumptions of case linkage with a sample containing 1) offenses that remain unsolved, and 2) crime
series that were first identified as possible series through DNA matches, rather than similar MO. Twenty-two series consisting
of 119 rapes from South Africa were used to create a dataset of 7021 crime pairs. Comparisons of crime pairs that were linked
using MO vs. DNA revealed significant, but small differences in behavioral similarity with MO-linked crimes being characterized
by greater similarity. When combining these two types of crimes together, linked pairs (those committed by the same serial
offender) were significantly more similar in MO behavior than unlinked pairs (those committed by two different offenders)
and could be differentiated from them. These findings support the underlying assumptions of case linkage. Additional factors
thought to impact on linkage accuracy were also investigated. 相似文献
343.
Tom Clements 《亚洲研究》2013,45(1-2):139-142
AbstractThe problem of plutonium proliferation in Northeast Asia has received a great deal of international attention in the past few years, in the first instance over Japan's plutonium program, and most recently about the suspected production of plutonium in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK). Both countries' nuclear programs have touched off regional and global fears of a de facto nuclear arms race. 相似文献
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348.
Cross-sectional research designs show that proportional representation (PR) tends to produce more equitable outcomes in terms of gender representation. While existing research provides valuable insights into the covariates of gender representation, such cross-sectional designs fail to provide a definitive test of the influence of electoral rules both over time and in the case of mixed systems. Addressing this gap, this article proposes a longitudinal research design using the case of Germany, because half the Bundestag’s seats are allotted through majoritarian first-past-the-post methods, while the other half are allotted through proportional methods. The main findings point towards heavy interaction between the two electoral tiers that becomes visible in party quotas, double nominations and increased competitiveness of female candidates. 相似文献
349.
Douglas B. Marlowe David S. FestingerKaren L. Dugosh Anne CaronMarcy R. Podkopacz Nicolle T. Clements 《Journal of criminal justice》2011,39(3):253
Purpose
This field trial examined the process of assigning drug-involved offenders to dispositions based on their criminogenic risks and needs.Methods
Probation officers administered the Risk and Needs Triage (RANT)™ to 627 felony drug and property offenders at the pre-trial stage or shortly after sentencing to probation. The RANT™ was evaluated for internal scale consistency, factor structure, and predictive validity for re-arrest and re-conviction rates within 12 months of case disposition. Exploratory analyses examined whether recidivism was lower for participants who were assigned to an appropriate disposition given their assessment results.Results
The RANT™ demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and factorial validity, and significantly predicted re-arrest and re-conviction rates within 12 months of case disposition. There was no racial or gender bias in the prediction of recidivism. Non-significant trends favored better outcomes for participants who were assigned to the indicated dispositions.Conclusions
The results lend support for the RANT™ as a dispositional triage tool for drug-involved defendants and probationers at or near the point of arrest. The results also lend tentative support to the hypothesis that outcomes might be better if drug-involved offenders were matched to appropriate dispositions based on their risk-and-need profiles. Directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献350.
The article discusses a study conducted between December 2007 and March 2008 that involved 19 gender-stratified focus groups with African American parents and adolescents from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, to explore the process and content of parent-adolescent communication about sex. Discussions about intimate partner violence (IPV) and healthy relationships emerge inductively as critical topics in these conversations. The authors use a grounded theory approach to content analysis to identify and organize themes related to discussions on these topics. A total of 125 participants from 52 families are recruited for the study. Family history of child sexual abuse often motivates discussions. Mothers are described as the primary parent discussing sexual issues with children. Fathers primarily role model ideal male partnership behavior for sons and daughters. Parents seek to prevent daughters from experiencing sexual abuse or emotional manipulation by partners and focus on instilling a sense of responsibility to and respect for romantic partners in sons. Parents prioritize and express the need for tools to influence their adolescent's socialization as romantic partners. Mothers and fathers approach this process differently. Family-focused interventions to prevent unhealthy relationships can build on parent's efforts. 相似文献