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201.
Brams, Fishburn, and Merrill (1988) contend that the indeterminacy of approval voting (AV), introduced in our paper (1988), is not a vice, but a surpassing virtue of AV. They do not compare the negative versus the positive features of AV, so their assertion remains a conjecture. Our response emphasizes the need to determine the costs of AV and to evaluate them against any merits. Moreover, by correcting and answering BFM's comments, the argument against AV becomes much stronger. This is because we show that AV's region of indeterminacy is quite large; it includes most profiles. Some of the consequences of this instability are that the AV outcome can negate the voter's true wishes, that the AV outcome can be volatile even to minor fluctuations of voter's decisions, and that AV is one of the most susceptible systems to manipulation by small groups of voters (for example, small, maverick groups could determine the AV outcome). Under specific circumstances, AV may be appropriate. To identify these situations we propose the more accurate name of the "Unsophisticated Voter System." 相似文献
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Ninety-four seventh- and eighth-grade girls, 49 premenarcheal and 45 postmenarcheal, produced male and female human figure drawings. These drawings were scored for sexual differentiation, sexual identification, and anxiety related to aggression-hostility and insecurity-lability. Postmenarcheal girls were found to evidence greater sexual differentiation and clearer sexual identification than premenarcheal girls of the same age. Postmenarcheal girls did not differ from premenarcheal girls in level or class of anxiety, however. Together, these results provide evidence for viewing the impact of menarche as primarily integrative, rather than primarily disruptive. Implications of these findings for understanding menarche as a normal developmental crisis are explored.This research was supported in part by Wellesley College Faculty Development Awards to each of the two authors.Received Ph.D. in psychology from Clark University. Major interests are clinical psychology and personality development. Correspondence should be addressed to this author.Received Ph.D. in psychology from Tufts University. Major interests are psychobiology and adolescent development. 相似文献
204.
Jill C Humphrey 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》2000,66(1):95-130
This article is an offshoot of a research project on lesbian and gay self-organization in the UK's public sector union UNISON. The site upon which lesbians and gay men ‘work together’ is a complex and contradictory one, located at the juncture of several pathways – women's and men's movements, gendered politics and sexual politics, purist ghettos and queer rainbows. The UNISON group furnishes an ideal site for a case-study of sexual and gendered dynamics in lesbian-and-gay politics by dint of institutional arrangements whereby separate spaces for lesbians and gay men respectively encourage reflexivity in working through these hyphens. While reflections from the lesbian feminist mirror have been active ingredients in the ongoing resocialization of gay men, it is argued that reflections from a gay male mirror will also be necessary if we are to nurture greater wisdom and justice in gender relations. Since the lesbian and gay group co-exists with other selforganized groups for women, black people and disabled people within a broader pro-socialist movement, the potential for working across other sets of differences is also noteworthy. Nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that a sustained coalition between lesbians and gay men is not sufficient in bringing about coalitions with other oppressed minorities or majorities, and may even be at loggerheads with them. 相似文献
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Jill S. Levenson 《犯罪学与公共政策》2011,10(2):229-233
207.
Jill A. Gordon Blythe Proulx Patricia H. Grant 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2013,38(2):245-265
Determining the attitudes of correctional officers relative to their level of fear and risk of victimization is important to investigate due to the relationship of the conditions of confinement and the care and custody of offenders. Furthermore, consideration of such attitudes by gender may uncover differences because of the unique obstacles female corrections officers face. This study examines the level of fear and risk of both inmate and staff related victimization by gender through administering a survey to all corrections officers employed in the adult prisons within one-state. The overall analysis indicated some level of apprehension among officers regarding their fear and risk of victimization for inmate-precipitated victimization more than staff-to-staff victimization. Female officers were also more likely to demonstrate a higher level of perceived fear and risk of inmate-precipitated and staff-precipitated victimization. In addition, race and security level were shown to be significant as predictors of both fear and perceived risk of victimization among officers. 相似文献
208.
Melissa Gross Elizabeth P. Cramer Janett Forte Jill A. Gordon Tara Kunkel Laura J. Moriarty 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2000,24(2):301-312
Past domestic violence research has tended to focus on issues related to law enforcement responses. More recently, the focus
has shifted to other components of the criminal justice system, such as prosecution and correctional responses, to determine
the best way to reduce domestic violence. This project is a case study of 177 male convicted domestic violence offenders who
were sentenced to one of five options: community corrections; jail; a suspended sentence; private counseling, a fine, or restitution;
and advisement. The focus of this inquiry is on the likelihood of each sanction reducing future arrests and convictions for
domestic violence. The results reveal that no one sanction is more effective than the other options.
A draft of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Criminal Justice Association, Chattanooga, TN, 1999.
The authors would like to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on an
earlier version of this paper. This work stems from a project started by Chesterfield County and Melissa Gross to complete
her Master of Social Work degree requirements. The primary authors of this piece are Jill A. Gordon and Laura J. Moriarty.
The ordering of names are alphabetical after Melissa Gross. 相似文献
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