FTIR图像—单点模式法无损鉴别不同品牌激光打印机墨粉色痕

利用傅里叶红外图像系统,采用单点模式对收集到的八种品牌激光打印机墨粉色痕进行红外扫描,采集样品红外光谱,并对其中两种样品红外光谱进行二阶导数运算,得到对应的二阶导数光谱。实验表明,该方法可有效区分不同品牌激光打印机墨粉色痕,并可为其他书写材料无损检验鉴定提供借鉴。     

性别失衡下的中国农村养老及其政策启示

中国社会转型期性别失衡带来的男性婚姻挤压问题对农村养老的影响是中国人口社会可持续发展的重大问题之一。本文利用2008—2010年的三次农村人口专项抽样调查数据,从性别、年代、婚姻、区域、人口流动等多视角综合分析了性别失衡背景下农村居民的养老意愿、代际支持行为以及男性失婚对父母生活满意度的影响,并探讨了婚姻挤压对中国农村养老带来的挑战及政策建议。研究发现,男性婚姻挤压问题已经对农村养老产生了重要影响:大龄未婚男性成为打算依靠政府救济养老的主要人群;大龄未婚男性给予父母的代际支持较弱、父母的生活满意度较低。文章丰富和发展了养老研究的视角,初步识别了性别失衡给农村养老所带来的负面后果,研究有利于进一步认识性别失衡的人口社会后果,并为综合治理性别失衡问题提供现实依据。     

“90后”大学生酌马克思主义信仰现状与教育对策研究——基于河南省洛阳市三所高校的实证调查

党的十六届六中全会上明确提出要建设社会主义核心价值理论体系,其灵魂就是要坚持马克思主义的指导地位。然而,目前部分“90后”大学生在信仰方面存在着理解偏差、理性不足、宗教情结蔓延、马克思主义信仰不坚定等问题,究其原因是学习行为功利性、理论认知错位性、价值判断片面性。增强“90后”大学生的马克思主义信仰教育时效性的基本策略在于：坚持“理论性”与“现实性”互渗,更加强调“实效性”性;坚持“课内”与“课外”相统一,更加强调课外教育：坚持“传统教育手段”与“新兴教育手段”兼顾,更加突出新媒体教育;坚持学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育相结合,更加注重整合力。     

政治参与行为对政治效能感的影响——基于浙江省闾村基层民主选举投票的实证调研

在关于政治参与影响政治效能感的研究中,国外学者发展出了＂工具说＂、＂发展说＂和＂结果说＂三种解释框架。虽然三种解释不尽相同,但学者普遍认为积极的政治参与对政治效能感有一定的正面影响,尽管影响的因素、程度和范围存在不同。本文基于浙江省闾村实证调研,发现选举式的参与活动（参与投票、参与竞选活动、投票给当选者、参与当选者的助选活动）均未能显著影响政治效能感和村民效能感。甚至在村民的投票行为与主观期望的结果相一致时（投票给当选者、参与当选者的助选活动）,亦未能发现其对效能感的显著影响。     

大治安精要

维稳——社会治安（社会管理）综合治理的大智慧,务在持有大治安理念。大治安,外延含超公安管理、社会治安、安邦定国。认知与践行大治安,务要寻觅大治安之线索,掌控大治安之精要,具体则需先洞悉大治安之内容,继把握大治安之关键,再驾驭大治安之格局。大治安之内容是：大治安是大系统;大治安是大团圆;大治安是大智慧。大治安之关键是：以大目标寻求大系统;以大亲情寻求大团圆;以大学识寻求大智慧。大治安之格局是：官、民、匪组成的社会治安防控主体三角;帮、静、治组成的社会治安防控方法三角;后（社会治安问题发生之后）、中（社会治安问题发生之中）、前（社会治安问题发生之前）组成的社会治安防控客体三角。     

Genetic and chemical components analysis of Papaver setigerum naturalized in Korea

Of the 110 species of genus Papaver, only Papaver somniferum and P. setigerum are controlled poppies in Korea. All poppy samples share similar morphology therefore it is important to check if they contain controlled substances such as morphine and codeine for forensic purpose. Since the alkaloid content of Papaver plants varies according to their growing stage, chemical components analysis alone is not enough to identify exact species. In 2010, hundreds of poppy plants suspected to be P. somniferum were found in Jeju Island, South Korea. They had a slightly different but overall similar appearance to P. somniferum. Using GC-MS analysis, codeine, rhoeadine, papaverine, protopine, noscapine, setigeridine and trace amounts of morphine were detected in these samples. Although their chemical components were different from what has been described in literatures for P. setigerum, they could be assumed to be P. setigerum based on their morphological features and GC-MS results. Also, chromosome numbers using their seeds showed 2n=44 and the numbers were in accordance with those of P. setigerum. Nucleotide substitution or insertion/deletion of ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 18S rRNA (ribosomal RNA), rbcL (large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase), trnL-trnF IGS (intergenic spacer), trnL intron and psbA-trnH were assessed as universal genetic markers for P. setigerum. Also, genetic analysis using six target genes involved in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including TYDC (tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase), SAT (salutaridinol-7-O-acetyltransferase), BBE (berberine bridge enzyme), COR (codeinone reductase), CYP80B1 ((S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase) and NCS (norcoclaurine synthase) were tested as Papaver-specific genetic markers by the existence of their PCR products. From the results, the sequences of the 6 universal genetic markers and 6 Papaver-specific genetic markers for P. setigerum were identified and then Genbank accession numbers of them were registered in NCBI. Also, the trnL intron and psbA-trnH nucleic acid sequences of the 7 Papaver species were identified and registered.     

环境犯罪证明方法研究

环境犯罪行为迥异于一般的犯罪行为,尤其是对于污染型环境犯罪行为,确定犯罪行为与损害结果之间的因果关系相当困难。对此,国外产生了推定因果关系存在的各种理论与学说。我国现行法律规定的犯罪证明方法在环境犯罪的认定上存在着缺陷,针对我国环境犯罪案发率高但因果关系证明难度大这一现实矛盾,有必要借鉴国外相关立法,对环境犯罪适用的因果关系确定推定方法,以彰显刑法对环境资源、人身权及财产权的保护功能,实现人类社会的可持续发展。     

制度有效性测度解析——基于制度经济学的视角

如何确定制度的有效性是制度经济学必须回答的问题。文章提出制度有效性的判定原则应包括制度的效率、制度的正义性和制度的增益性三个方面,并根据经济学的分析原理建构了一个界定制度有效性的测度模型。通过对制度有效性的研究,使我们对于制度内涵的把握和理解更加深刻。     

Application of Micro‐Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Ink Examination in Signatures Written with Ballpoint Pen on Questioned Documents

Questioned documents examined in a forensic laboratory sometimes contain signatures written with ballpoint pen inks; these signatures were examined to assess the feasibility of micro‐attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a forensic tool. Micro‐ATR FTIR spectra for signatures written with 63 ballpoint pens available commercially in Korea were obtained and used to construct an FTIR spectral database. A library‐searching program was utilized to identify the manufacturer, blend, and model of each black ballpoint pen ink based upon their FTIR peak intensities, positions, and patterns in the spectral database. This FTIR technique was also successfully used in determining the sequence of homogeneous line intersections from the crossing lines of two ballpoint pen signatures. We have demonstrated with a set of sample documents that micro‐ATR FTIR is a viable nondestructive analytical method that can be used to identify the origin of the ballpoint pen ink used to mark signatures.     

论民事诉讼当事人逾期举证的法律后果

逾期举证的法律后果是整个举证时限制度的核心。新修订的《民事诉讼法》增加了举证时限制度,并规定了责令当事人说明逾期理由,再由法官决定采纳逾期证据或证据失权的法律后果,但这样规定仍存在问题。出于对程序公正兼实体公正的保障,逾期举证的法律后果应以证据失权为原则,采纳逾期证据为例外。采纳逾期证据的同时,应当对逾期当事人予以费用制裁。