Justice Without Transition: Truth Commissions in the Context of Repressive Rule

While the study of transitional justice, and especially truth commissions, has gained in popularity over the past two decades, the literature is overwhelmingly focused on activities in democratizing states. This introduces a selection bias that interferes with proper analysis of causes and consequences of transitional justice on a global scale. In this paper, I discuss conditions under which new repressive elites, and even old repressive elites who survive to rule and repress in nominally new systems, may choose to launch broad investigations of the past. I argue that such a decision is based on two primary considerations, the presence of internally or externally based incentives (e.g., foreign aid) and the level of political control enjoyed by old elites in the new system. I apply this argument to post-Soviet Central Asia, including a detailed case study of Uzbekistan’s 1999 truth commission based on domestic media analysis and local elite interviews.

New Thinking in Financial Market Regulation: Dismantling the “Split Share Structure” of Chinese Listed Companies

China’s distinctive set of stock market institutions was introduced in 1990. Among the characteristics of China’s stock markets was a strict separation between different categories of investors. Listed companies issued different categories of shares to state shareholders, domestic corporate investors, domestic individual investors, and foreign investors. By 2005, the barriers segmenting China’s stock market had been significantly relaxed. Domestic investors were allowed to purchase shares previously reserved for foreign investors, and approved foreign investors were allowed to purchase shares previously earmarked for domestic individuals. Nevertheless, a crucial barrier remained. An ongoing debate among Chinese academics, investors, and policy makers focused on how to resolve the “split share structure” (guquan fen zhi) in which a minority of shares were tradable while the majority of shares (namely those reserved for domestic corporate and state shareholders) were excluded from the market. The split share structure was blamed for distorting prices and inhibiting development of the stock market. This paper analyzes the policy adopted to address the split share structure. To what extent does this policy change reflect new thinking on the part of China’s market regulators? This paper argues that analysis of policy making in China’s capital markets can help to distinguish between two competing assessments of China’s political economy. One account sees China pursuing a gradualist strategy, slowly but steadily expanding the role of markets. Another account sees China trapped in a semi-marketized and increasingly corrupt development pattern. The implementation of the split share structure reform program provides evidence to support the gradualist account of incremental, but persistent, reform. Mary Comerford Cooper is an assistant professor in political science at the Ohio State University. Her recent research focuses on the politics of financial markets in China and Taiwan. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Comparative Politics Research Workshop/ Globalization, Institutions and Economic Security Workshop at Ohio State University in May 2007, and at the annual meeting of the Association for Chinese Political Studies in July 2007. I benefited greatly from the constructive and insightful comments of Bj?rn Alpermann, Melanie Barr, Jean-Marc Blanchard, Sarah Brooks, Joseph Fewsmith, Sujian Guo, Dane Imerman, Ryan Kennedy, Marcus Kurtz, Xiaoyu Pu, James Reilly, Alex Thompson, Daniel Verdier, Jianwei Wang, Alan Wiseman, Bin Yu, and an anonymous reviewer. I am also grateful for Lan Hu’s exceptional research assistance. All remaining flaws are purely my own.     

论我党建设和谐社会思想的形成及其历史地位

构建社会主义和谐社会的思想是党的几代领导集体不懈探索的理论结晶。这一思想进一步丰富和发展了社会主义初级阶段理论,为全面建设小康社会指明了方向。同时,这一思想也是党在新世纪新阶段加强执政能力和先进性建设的崭新标志,在建设中国特色社会主义进程中具有特殊的历史地位。     

我国旅行社并购模式选择研究

在现有研究的基础上,结合旅行社行业的特点和实际情况,从产业环境、战略资源和核心竞争力角度对我国旅行社并购模式选择进行了探讨,以期为我国旅行社并购提供建设性意见。     

我国集体谈判制度存在的问题和对策研究

集体谈判制度在我国的实行并不理想,在工会组织、政府、雇主等方面还存在一些问题。我们应着重从促进工会组织的发展,推进政治体制改革,实施依法治理,营造民主和谐的氛围,建立以人为本的现代企业管理制度等方面完善集体谈判制度,建立有效的劳资关系协调机制。     

我国商事登记立法的不足与完善

商事登记制度在我国设立多年。我国商事登记立法中存在诸多缺陷,如商事登记立法之间存在冲突,立法形式分散,法出多门等等,为此,应实行公私法分离立法模式,统一完善商事登记制度等措施,以完善我国商事登记法律制度。     

新历史条件下对公安基层工作的思考

在新的历史条件下,运用科学的认识论、方法论总结公安基层工作的实践经验,并对公安基层基础工作的内涵、公安基层基础工作信息化与信息化警务、公安基层体制改革、如何科学开发利用警力资源、如何改革目标管理考核、如何提高对公安基层工作的战略指导水平、如何应用矛盾论、系统论驾驭和处理公安基层工作矛盾诸问题作理论探讨,以更好地指导公安基层工作实践,无疑具有非常重要的现实意义。     

世界经济指标

表1:2000—2007年世界主要国家和地区服务贸易变化情况进出口国家或地区出口额年增长率进口额年增长率20072000-07200120022003200420052006200720072000-072001200220032004200520062007亿美元%亿美元%世界32600120715201212183060011151419111116北美53307-425131191344007-1     

《医疗事故处理条例》对监狱医疗关系的适用性探讨

作者在实施《医疗事故处理条例》（以下简称《条例》）过程中发现，《条例》及配套的法规中，有关患者权益的条款对监狱医疗机构及服刑患者（以下简称病犯）适用性不明确，并且存在着与监狱医疗关系不相适应之处。     

"仰融案"中的豁免与诉讼

一个主权国家在另一国家成为某一诉讼的被告,若该被告国出庭的目的仅仅是为了主张豁免权,则不该被视为同意该法院地国的管辖.即使辽宁省在美国未能成功主张豁免,美国为了避免对外国财产采取强制措施而导致中美外交方面受损,也不会对辽宁省的绝大部分财产采取强制措施.