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181.
Jon Fraenkel 《圆桌》2015,104(2):151-164
AbstractFiji’s September 2014 election was the first since the military takeover of December 2006 and the first under a new open list proportional representation system. It proved a landslide victory for coup leader turned Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama’s FijiFirst Party. This was a ‘competitive authoritarian’ election, characterised by careful controls over media outlets, manipulation of rules regarding political parties and candidate nominations, and selective use of state finances to harass opponents. It was a genuine contest only in so far as the government could control the process. The outcome demonstrates the potency of incumbency in Fiji, which was also an important factor in the country’s previous post-coup elections in 1992 and 2001. 相似文献
182.
183.
This paper discusses posttraumatic stress disorder’s (PTSD) traumatic stressor criterion (Criterion A) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The history of the stressor criterion is detailed, including how it has changed over time in successive versions of the DSM. We discuss controversy over the stressor criterion, regarding arguments about whether it is too conservative or too liberal. Studies comparing Criterion A and non-Criterion A events in their association with PTSD are discussed, including the finding across studies that non-Criterion A events are just as (or more) likely to result in PTSD. Potential explanations to account for this finding are discussed, including presentation of solutions to Criterion A’s limitations. Finally, legal implications for Criterion A in evaluating individuals presenting with PTSD in civil and criminal cases are discussed. 相似文献
184.
The present study examined the effects of gender, ethnicity, acculturation level, age, and education level of Korean and Vietnamese
Americans on their attitudes toward domestic violence. The sample consisted of 229 Koreans and 184 Vietnamese, recruited from
ethnic communities and college campuses in southern California. Participants completed a brief questionnaire, which included
the Revised Attitudes toward Wife Abuse Scale (RAWA) and the Marin and Marin Acculturation Scale as well as demographic variables.
Gender, education, and acculturation level emerged as significant predictors of attitudes toward domestic violence. More specifically,
men as well as those who were less acculturated and less educated were more likely to endorse pro-violence attitudes. While
there were no significant ethnic differences in the global attitude toward domestic violence between the two immigrant groups,
there were specific inter-ethnic differences on select items of the RAWA scale. 相似文献
185.
Jon S. T. Quah 《Public administration review》2008,68(6):982-983
186.
尽管对现代福利国家的比较研究已使我们获得了对福利国家如何应对由内因和外因带来的压力拥有了丰富的认识,但对后工业社会这些压力的性质和潜在的含义还不甚明了。在研究的文献中,学者们探讨了诸多对福利国家产生压力的各种社会现象,诸如:全球化、欧洲化、人口的统计规律、个体化和变迁中的劳动力。全球化和欧洲一体化作为外在压力,其对福利国家的影响尚有待证明,而人口老龄化、劳动人口的相对下降、工作年限的缩短、多样化的家庭和个人生活方式等内生压力对福利国家造成的影响要重要得多。压力在后工业社会并不是像大家通常所认为的那样被福利国家消解了或重构了,相反,对福利国家而言,真实情况是压力更多了而不是减少了。 相似文献
187.
There are several initiatives addressing the use of mark‐up languages or other means for clarifying the rights claimed by the right‐holder when making material available on the World Wide Web. An attempt is made to sketch a rather broad and historical background for using abbreviations triggering legal consequences. It is argued that the use of meta‐tags and similar formalised inserts directed at programs rather than humans has legal effects, taking the electronic commerce directive as an example. In addition, a simple scheme for introducing ‘copymarks’ for indicating the level of protection claimed by the right‐holder is suggested, with some indications for development in a multi‐agent environment. 相似文献
188.
The authors thank Paul Fenn and Robert Dingwall for their comments on a previous version of this article. Jon Spencer is Lecturer in Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL United Kingdom. David Ward is Professor of Social and Community Studies, DeMontfort University, Scraptoft Campus, Leicester, LE7 9SU United Kingdom. 相似文献
189.
Andean farmers have traditionally adapted and selected varieties of quinoa and potatoes to reduce their vulnerability to a range of environmental risks. Data suggest that this strategy is being undermined. Market pressures, particularly the requirements for consistency and quantity along with the import of subsidised wheat products, are leading to the displacement of quinoa and indigenous potato varieties. This paper explores the feasibility of maintaining crop diversity while ensuring that farmers benefit from market opportunities. For potato, the most promising approach is one of ‘conservation through use’, whereby development practitioners identify market niches for local rather than cosmopolitan varieties. Meanwhile, quinoa production and consumption has been enhanced by government-sponsored initiatives that use quinoa in food-support programmes. The success of these efforts to enhance livelihood security requires an enabling policy environment that encourages extension approaches, where the emphasis is on farmers' active participation, and supports public and private interventions in remote rural areas. 相似文献
190.