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461.
462.
This study examined gender, family structure, SES and language usage as predictors of cultural orientation and family cohesion.
Ethnic differences in trajectories of family cohesion were tested within a hierarchical linear modeling framework. The sample
consisted of 4156 adolescent respondents, measured at three time points during three consecutive years. The three study groups
consisted of Mexican Americans oriented to Mexican culture (N = 738), Mexican Americans oriented to majority American culture (N = 867), and Non-Hispanic Whites (N = 2551). Family cohesion was assessed using the cohesion subscale of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES III).
Analyses consisted of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) in which a linear trajectory of family cohesion for the three groups
was computed followed by a test for the effects of ethnicity with the inclusion of control variables. Thus, ethnic differences
in the trajectories of family cohesion over time were examined. Neither group of Mexican Americans was significantly different
from Non-Hispanic Whites in initial status. However, Mexican Americans oriented to Mexican culture showed a significant increase
in family cohesion at mid adolescence.
Judith C. Baer is an Associate Professor at Rutgers University. She received her Ph.D. in Social Work from the University
of Houston. Her major research interests include the study of adolescent development within the contexts of culture, and family,
adolescent sexual risk taking, and the nosology of mental disorders.
Mark F. Schmitz is Clinical Assistant Professor at Temple University. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Iowa State University.
His major research interest involves the use of several large epidemiologic datasets for an extensive examination of the empirical
basis for the diagnostic criteria of various DSM-IV mental disorders. He also is involved in research on cultural issues in
child development and family processes. 相似文献
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464.
Annie Bartlett Elhum Jhanji Sarah White Mari Anne Harty Judith Scammell Sarah Allen 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2015,26(2):133-165
Currently, a conjunction of policy, legislative change in health and social care and the criminal justice system, combined with funding for innovative services make it opportune to assess the evidence base for interventions with women offenders. Women offenders have a distinctive criminological, health and social profile and a gender specific approach to their difficulties is advocated. This systematic review and meta-analysis focus on mental health gain in adult women offenders in forensic health settings, criminal justice institutions and in the community, following therapeutic interventions. Interventions were assessed in terms of specific outcome measures of depression, trauma symptomatology and global mental health status. Comprehensive search strategies yielded 3018 articles, from which we obtained 199 full text articles. Seventeen articles were included in the final review, of which six were excluded from the meta-analysis as there was no comparator group. There is a modest, but increasing, body of evidence for the utility of some interventions, notably those addressing the consequences of earlier trauma, including interventions which also address comorbid substance misuse. This does not amount, to date, to a robust evidence base. Limitations of these studies are discussed and include small sample sizes, their restriction mainly to prison populations and that they were substantially undertaken in the US. Variations in outcome measures follow-up and the difficulties inherent in measuring change in this complex population are also detailed. However, the review delineates definite avenues for further work. To achieve this, those responsible for policy, practice and purchase of services should both be mindful of existing evidence and promote additional, high quality research into interventions which are designed around a coherent, theoretical approach. 相似文献
465.
Seifert D Heinemann A Anders S Schröer J Sperhake J Glet A Püschel K 《Archiv für Kriminologie》2007,219(1-2):23-32
During a three year period, 418 victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined and their injuries documented at the Center for Victims of Violence (CVV) in Hamburg, Germany. All victims were questioned if their acute injuries were attributable to recurring acts of violence by the same intimate partner. The victims' experiences with recurring IPV were analyzed and associated risk factors as well as findings of acute physical injuries were integrated into the assesment. Overall, women were significantly more often victims of recurring episodes of IPV than men. In 35.4% of cases, victims of recurring IPV sustained injuries to three or more body regions. However, women who were victimized during a single act of violence, presented with the same distribution of injuries in only 21.1% of cases (p = 0.01). The results emphasize the fact that IPV often manifests itself in a spiraling escalation of physical violence. Furthermore, blunt force trauma to the head was diagnosed significantly more often (p = 0.05). The risk of sustaining a head injury was equally high for women who experienced a first-time violent episode by their ex-partner as it was for married women or women living in a non-marital partnership during recurring episodes of IPV. In an effort to reduce the increased risk for victims of IPV, health care personnel are highly encouraged to partake in forensic medicine based continuing education. This preventative measure may prepare clinicians to recognize IPV earlier as well as to treat and advise clients appropriately. 相似文献
466.
The role of center of mass kinematics in predicting peak utilized coefficient of friction during walking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Slips frequently occur when the friction required between the foot and floor exceeds available surface slip resistance. To date, the ability to identify variables that predict an individual's friction needs during walking, or utilized coefficient of friction (COFU), remains limited. Understanding COFU in the context of pedestrian/walkway accidents is important as individuals who demonstrate higher COFU are at a greater risk of slipping. This study determined if whole body center of mass (CM) kinematics were predictive of peak COFU during walking. Ground reaction forces and kinematic data were recorded simultaneously as subjects walked. Stepwise regression analysis determined that the combination of the subject's CM-to-center-of-pressure angle and CM anterior (i.e., forward) velocity predicted 62% of the variance in peak COFU during weight acceptance (p < 0.001). The identified relationships between CM kinematics and peak COFU provide insight into how gait and individual anthropometric characteristics may increase risk for slip initiation. 相似文献
467.
Environmental regulatory design addresses scientific uncertaintythrough a range of regulatory design tools. The seven approachesidentified and considered in this article are termed (1) theacknowledgement of scientific uncertainty (2) the burden shiftingapproach (3) the sound science approach (4) theconsequences approach (5) the consensus approach (6) the estimationapproach and (7) the adaptive management approach. Analysisof some common environmental legislative frameworks suggeststhat, rather than occurring in isolation, these seven approachesare frequently incorporated into legislative regimes in a multitudeof combinations. The article also highlights the implicationsof expressly embedding a precautionary approach within pre-existingenvironmental regulatory frameworks, such as has occurred withinAustralian environmental regimes. Finally, the article exploresthe advantages and disadvantages of each approach and the variouscircumstances that favour the adoption of a particular regulatoryapproach to scientific uncertainty. In doing so, it suggestsan agenda for future empirical research on approaches to regulatorydesign for scientific uncertainty. 相似文献
468.