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261.
Julia A. Foster 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1986,10(2):222-235
Survey research was conducted to examine the effects of education, perceptions of community attitudes, and career commitment
upon overall job satisfaction of campus law enforcement officers in North Carolina. Thirteen (13) campus departments participated
in the 1984 study. Findings revealed both significant and insignificant relationships. The attained level of post-secondary
education was not significantly related to an officer’s perception of having his/her authority questioned, nor was education
related to an officer’s feeling of boredom with the job. However, significant relationships were found between several variables
including an officer’s willingness to recommend the job to another person and his/her perceptions of community attitudes and
the rank of the officer and his/her commitment to the current position.(1) 相似文献
262.
Lisa M. Sontag Katherine H. Clemans Julia A. Graber Sarah T. Lyndon 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(4):392-404
To date, relatively little is known about differences between perpetrators and victims of cyber and traditional forms of aggression.
Hence, this study investigated differences among traditional and cyber aggressors and victims on psychosocial characteristics
typically examined in research on traditional aggression and victimization, specifically effortful control, manipulativeness,
remorselessness, proactive and reactive aggression, and anxious/depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 300; 63.2% female; M age = 12.89, SD = .95; 52% Caucasian, 27% African American, 11% Latino, and 10% other) were categorized based on aggressor
type (non/low aggressor, traditional-only, cyber-only, and combined traditional and cyber) and victim type (non-victim, traditional-only,
cyber-only, and combined traditional and cyber). Cyber aggressors reported lower levels of reactive aggression compared to
traditional-only and combined aggressors. Combined aggressors demonstrated the poorest psychosocial profile compared to all
other aggressor groups. For victimization, cyber-only and combined victims reported higher levels of reactive aggression and
were more likely to be cyber aggressors themselves compared to traditional-only victims and non-victims. Findings suggest
that there may be unique aspects about cyber aggression and victimization that warrant further investigation. 相似文献
263.
Stress is known to amplify the link between pubertal timing and psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the role
of peer stress as a context for this link. The present study examined the interaction between perceived pubertal timing and
peer stress on symptoms of psychopathology in early adolescence. The sample consisted of 264 students (63% female; M
age = 12.40, SD = 1.00; 55% Caucasian, 23% African American, 7% Latino, 11% biracial and 4% other). Higher peer stress was associated
with symptoms of anxiety/depression; this effect did not vary by timing or gender. However, early-maturing girls with high
peer stress demonstrated higher rates of relational and overt aggression compared to other girls. Findings also suggested
that late-maturing boys with high stress are at risk for aggression problems; however, due to the small number of boys, analyses
were exploratory. Overall, results suggest that developmentally salient contexts as indicated by stressful peer experiences
may pose unique threats to early maturing girls and possibly late-maturing boys. 相似文献
264.
265.
How do countries’ actions on the international stage affect their reputations? We propose that, particularly when evaluating countries about whom individuals may have few prior beliefs, international agreements may hold particular sway in establishing countries’ reputations. Specifically, if a relatively unknown country joins an organization with a country that has a good reputation, individuals will judge that original state to be less risky; if the better-known countries are generally perceived to have a bad reputation, the less-known state will also look more risky. This article presents evidence from a survey experiment in which individuals are asked about the weight of various factors in their perceptions of countries’ reputations. Subjects would randomly receive a prompt about a country’s domestic policy reform or its ties to other countries via economic or cultural agreements. The results show that states’ international ties play a role in assessments about country reputations. We also examine possible mechanisms underlying this finding. Lower risk associated with agreements with good countries is largely a function of anticipated economic benefits. However, the higher risk associated with agreements with bad countries seems to be more a function of anticipated political closeness between countries. 相似文献
266.
“Contested multilateralism” describes the situation that results from the pursuit of strategies by states, multilateral organizations, and non-state actors to use multilateral institutions, existing or newly created, to challenge the rules, practices, or missions of existing multilateral institutions. It occurs when coalitions dissatisfied with existing institutions combine threats of exit, voice, and the creation of alternative institutions to pursue policies and practices different from those of existing institutions. Contested multilateralism takes two principal forms: regime shifting and competitive regime creation. It can be observed across issue areas. It shapes patterns of international cooperation and discord on key security concerns such as combating terrorist financing, halting the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and banning certain conventional weapons. It is also evident on economic issues involving intellectual property, on environmental and energy issues, and in the realm of global public health. The sources of dissatisfaction are primarily exogenous, and the institutions used to challenge the status quo range from traditional treaties or intergovernmental organizations to informal networks, some of which include non-state actors. Some institutions are winners from the process of contested multilateralism; others may lose authority or status. Although we do not propose an explanatory theory of contested multilateralism, we do suggest that this concept provides a useful framework for understanding changes in regime complexes and the strategies that generate such changes. 相似文献
267.
Based on unique microdata from five Sub-Saharan African countries that contain comprehensive information on both migrants and their households at the origin country, we investigate the effect of migrants’ education on their remittance behaviour. Our results reveal that migrants’ education has no impact on the likelihood of sending remittances, but a positive effect on the amount of money sent, conditional on remitting. The latter effect holds for internal migrants and migrants in non-OECD countries, while it vanishes for migrants in OECD destination countries once characteristics of the origin household are controlled for. 相似文献
268.
Julia Hornberger PhD 《Law & social inquiry》2013,38(3):598-614
Less than two decades after the end of apartheid, South Africa is witnessing a range of policy interventions that almost iconoclastically challenge the premises of democratic governance. Police military ranks have been reintroduced and an exemplary postapartheid law governing the use of lethal force has also been amended in favor of police discretion. Simultaneously, however, community policing, a benchmark for democratic policing, is being rolled out on unprecedented scale. This article argues that the seemingly contradictory mobilization of militarized policing and popular civilian institutional forms has a definite logic and captures the postcolonial condition of policing in South Africa: a populist‐oriented ANC administration has allowed practices of popular policing underwritten by a desire for a forceful state to capture the law that had previously restrained this kind of policing. The result is a violent but intimate relationship between police and people, a situation in which the law is estranged from itself and normalized into the informal realm of private policing. 相似文献
269.
Julia Sudbury 《Criminal Justice Matters》2013,92(1):26-28
Justice, when it's swift, is most effective; it's about ensuring that they see the shock and awe of the criminal justice system. Because we represent society, we want to ensure that society is reflected in our courtrooms and we want them to experience what they made us experience. (Nazir Afzal, Chief Crown Prosecutor, Manchester; Channel 4 News, 11 August, 2011; emphasis added) 相似文献
270.
ABSTRACTThe current study attempted to strengthen existing literature regarding predictors of perpetrating intimate partner sexual violence to determine if there are unique predictors of sexual violence that differentiate it from physical abuse. It was hypothesised that men’s controlling, dominant and jealousy behaviours, and verbal aggression would significantly predict increased intimate partner sexual coercion and physical assault perpetration. These predictors were expected to be more predictive of sexual coercion than physical assault perpetration. Couples were recruited from the community (N?=?159) in a cross-sectional study recruiting couples with a violent male partner. Results demonstrated that men’s controlling behaviour was a significant predictor of sexual coercion and physical assault perpetration and behavioural jealousy was a significant predictor of sexual coercion perpetration. No predictors studied better predicted sexual coercion more than physical assault perpetration. These findings suggest that sexual coercion may be another type of physical assault without unique predictors. 相似文献