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311.
In the face of the discourse about the democratic deficit and declining public support for the European Union (EU), institutionalist scholars have examined the roles of institutions in EU decision making and in particular the implications of the empowered European Parliament. Almost in isolation from this literature, prior research on public attitudes toward the EU has largely adopted utilitarian, identity and informational accounts that focus on individual-level attributes. By combining the insights from the institutional and behavioural literature, this article reports on a novel cross-national conjoint experiment designed to investigate multidimensionality of public attitudes by taking into account the specific roles of institutions and distinct stages in EU decision making. Analysing data from a large-scale experimental survey in 13 EU member states, the findings demonstrate how and to what extent the institutional design of EU decision making shapes public support. In particular, the study finds a general pattern of public consensus about preferred institutional reform regarding powers of proposal, adoption and voting among European citizens in different countries, but notable dissent about sanctioning powers. The results show that utilitarian and partisan considerations matter primarily for the sanctioning dimension in which many respondents in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark and Sweden prefer national courts to the Court of Justice of the EU. 相似文献
312.
Alex J. Krotulski M.S.F.S. Susan Jansen Varnum Ph.D. Barry K. Logan Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(2):550-562
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic drugs that pose serious public health and safety concerns. A multitude of NPS have been identified in the United States, often implicated in forensic investigations. The most common and effective manner for identifying NPS is by use of mass spectrometry and the true utility lies within nontargeted acquisition techniques. During this study, a liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) assay was developed, validated, and implemented for forensic toxicology testing. A SCIEX TripleTOF™ 5600 + with SWATH® acquisition was used. Resulting data were compared against an extensive library database containing more than 800 compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS assay was applied to the reanalysis of biological sample extracts to discover emergent NPS. More than 3,000 sample extracts were analyzed, and more than 20 emerging NPS were detected for the first time. Among these were isopropyl-U-47700, 3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700, fluorofuranylfentanyl, N-methyl norfentanyl, 2F-deschloroketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-PHP, eutylone, and N-ethyl hexedrone. 相似文献
313.
314.
Levey Emma K. V. Garandeau Claire F. Meeus Wim Branje Susan 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2019,48(6):1068-1081
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Adolescence tends to be characterized by a temporary peak in delinquent behavior, and friends in particular play a key role in the initiation and the development... 相似文献
315.
This article explores the construction of extremism in media discourse, the factors driving specific constructions and the implications of these constructions for counterterrorism policy. We contend that extremism has predominantly and increasingly been framed as a security issue. This article explores the implications of this practice through the framework of securitisation. We measure the average intensity of security framing in 38,616 articles found in three major US newspapers, New York Times, Wall Street Journal and Los Angeles Times, between 20 January 1993 and 19 January 2017 comprising the Clinton, Bush and Obama presidencies, and look at factors influencing the shift in intensity over time. Through our analysis, we show that it is possible to return to a pre-9/11 discourse but that the confluence of real-world events and the strategic choices of political actors have so far prevented this from fully occurring. We then explore the effect of securitisation on public perceptions of the threat from terrorism, finding that increases in the intensity of security framing artificially increases the public’s worry about becoming a victim of terrorism. We conclude by discussing implications for the communication of counterterrorism policy and the requirements for an after, after 9/11 approach 相似文献
316.
Michael J. Cleveland Mark E. Feinberg Mark T. Greenberg 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(2):114-126
This study used data from a sample of 6th to 12th grade students (N = 48,641, 51% female), nested in 192 schools, to determine if the influence of family-based protective factors varied across
different school contexts. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of individual-level family
protective factors, relative to school-level aggregates of the same factors, on recent (past 30 days) use of cigarettes, alcohol,
and marijuana. Cross-level interactions indicated that the effect of the student’s level of family protection, relative to
other students in their school, differed depending on the aggregated school level of family protection. The results suggested
that the benefit of belonging to a well-functioning family was more influential for students attending schools characterized
by higher-than-average aggregated levels of protection compared to students attending schools of lower-than-average protection.
Thus, family-level factors offered less protection for students in relatively high-risk school contexts. These results were
consistent with a protective–reactive interaction and suggest that a thorough understanding of adolescent substance use must
consider the complex interplay among adolescents, their families, and their social environments. 相似文献
317.
The purpose of the present study was to examine relations between adolescents’ social cognitions regarding parenting practices
and adolescents’ prosocial behavioral tendencies. A mediation model was tested whereby the degree to which adolescents perceived
their parents as responding appropriately to their prosocial and antisocial behaviors was hypothesized to predict adolescents’
tendencies toward prosocial behavior indirectly by way of adolescents’ prosocial values. Adolescents (N = 140; M age = 16.76 years, SD = .80; 64% girls; 91% European Americans) completed measures of prosocial values and of the appropriateness
with which they expected their parents to react to their prosocial and antisocial behaviors. In addition, teachers and parents
rated the adolescents’ tendencies for prosocial behaviors. A structural equation model test showed that the degree to which
adolescents expected their parents to respond appropriately to their prosocial behaviors was related positively to their prosocial
values, which in turn was positively associated with their tendencies to engage in prosocial behaviors (as reported by parents
and teachers). The findings provide evidence for the central role of adolescents’ evaluations and expectancies of parental
behaviors and of the role of values in predicting prosocial tendencies. Discussion focuses on the implications for moral socialization
theories and on the practical implications of these findings in understanding adolescents’ prosocial development. 相似文献
318.
Robert D. Laird Matthew D. Marrero Miranda Sentse 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(12):1431-1441
Studies using valid measures of monitoring activities have not found the anticipated main effects linking greater monitoring
activity with fewer behavioral problems. This study focused on two contexts in which monitoring activities may be particularly
influential. Early adolescents (n = 218, M age = 11.5 years, 51% female, 49% European American, 47% African American) reported their unsupervised time, beliefs about
the legitimacy of their parents’ authority, and their own involvement in antisocial behavior. Mothers and adolescents reported
their perceptions of adolescent disclosure and parental solicitation and control. Adolescents’ perceptions of greater parental
solicitation at age 11 were associated with less antisocial behavior at age 12 (when controlling for age 11 antisocial behavior)
among adolescents reporting large amounts of unsupervised time and weak legitimacy beliefs. Perceived parental solicitation
may be an effective deterrent of antisocial behavior when adolescents spend a lot of time unsupervised and for adolescents
who are likely to challenge the legitimacy of their parents’ authority. 相似文献
319.
Anthony L. Burrow Amanda C. O’Dell Patrick L. Hill 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(11):1265-1273
While having a purpose in life has been theorized as a developmental asset, the extent to which adolescents cultivate a meaningful
sense of direction is not well understood. In the present study, cluster analysis was used to classify adolescents by levels
of purpose exploration and commitment. The sample (N = 318; 55% female) consisted of youth aged 14–18 and was predominantly White/non-Hispanic (76.3%). Results supported four
meaningful yet distinguishable profiles of youth purpose that are largely consistent with theories on identity formation:
Achieved, Foreclosed, Uncommitted, and Diffused. Hypothesized linkages with affect and hope were established across the profiles
such that positive emotions and goal-directed thinking were most apparent among Achieved and Foreclosed youth and least apparent
among Diffused and Uncommitted youth. Overall, findings demonstrate the inherent complexity in adolescents’ engagement with
purpose and suggest a correspondence between stronger commitments to purpose and youths’ sense of personal agency and well-being. 相似文献
320.
Susanne E. Baumgartner Patti M. Valkenburg Jochen Peter 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(10):1226-1239
The main aim of this study was to investigate the causal nature of the relationship between adolescents’ risky sexual behavior
on the internet and their perceptions of this behavior. Engagement in the following online behaviors was assessed: searching
online for someone to talk about sex, searching online for someone to have sex, sending intimate photos or videos to someone
online, and sending one’s telephone number and address to someone exclusively known online. The relationship between these
behaviors and adolescents’ perceptions of peer involvement, personal invulnerability, and risks and benefits was investigated.
A two-wave longitudinal study among a representative sample of 1,445 Dutch adolescents aged 12–17 was conducted (49% females).
Autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that perceived peer involvement, perceived vulnerability,
and perceived risks were all significant predictors of risky sexual online behavior 6 months later. No reverse causal paths
were found. When the relationships between perceptions and risky sexual online behavior were modeled simultaneously, only
perceived peer involvement was a determinant of risky sexual online behavior. Findings highlight the importance of addressing
peer involvement in future interventions to reduce adolescents’ risky sexual online behavior. 相似文献